Table 5.
Canola meal as substitute for fishmeal in diet of different fish species.
| Fish Species | Canola forms | Tested Inclusion levels | Duration | Optimum inclusion Level |
Effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Common carp (C. carpio) | Polyphenols + Canola meal (CM) |
55% CM with 0, 100,200, 300, 400, 500 & 600 mg/kg |
70 days | 400 mg/kg of polyphenol with 55 % CM | Highest minerals absorption, best hematological parameters as well as proximate composition at optimum level | [180] |
| Mrigal carp (Cirrhinus mrigala) | CM + phytase & citric acid (CA) | 0, 25, 50& 75 % without or with 750 FTU kg−1 & CA 2.5% |
90 days | CM 50% with phytase 750 FTU kg-1 & CA 2.5% |
Maximum WG & lowest FCR as well as best nutrient digestibility values at optimum level Dose dependent decrease in fish gut pH by CA |
[67] |
| Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) | Processed canola meal (PCM) | 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5 & 50% |
36 days | 25% | No effect on digestive enzymes, liver antioxidative status & mucosal immunity Liver SOD, GPx & CAT genes expression ↑ = PCM↑ Growth performance & intestine & liver tissue histoarchitecture ↓ over 25% |
[181] |
| Blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) | CM | 208.2, 279.4, 350.5, 421.4, & 492.8 g/kg |
112 days | 50% | SGR, FER, PER ↑ but FI ↓ up to 50% PepT1 gene expression in gut ↑ then ↓ IGF-1 expression ↑ with ↑ CM Expression of TOR↓, AKT,4E-BP2 & S6K1 expressions ↑with CM ↑ |
[182] |
| Asian Sea Bass (L. Calcarifer) | Yeast fermented CM |
25, 50, 75 & 100% |
60 days | 50% | ↓ FW, PER, & nutrient digestibility while ↑ FCR over 50% ↓ Body crude protein, ash, Ca, Mg, P & their utilization with ↑ replacement |
[183] |
| Beluga (Huso huso) | Hydrolyzed canola protein | 0, 300, 400 & 500 mg of protein |
500 mg | WG, SGR, PER & expression of genes highest up to 500 mg but lowest protein amount | [184] | |
| Spotted rose snapper (L. guttatus) | CM | 0, 150, 300, & 450 g/kg of CM protein |
70 days | 300 g/kg | ↓SGR above optimum level ↑ CM protein = ↓FGR, ↓PER, ↓ ADC No effect on SR, FI & hematological parameters |
[185] |
| Rainbow trout (O. mykiss W.) | Canola protein isolate | 0, 25, 50%, 75 & 100% |
70 days | 75% | No negative impact on FGR, FI, FCR & palatability up to 100% ↑ WG, FCR, PER up to 75% No effect on SR & whole body composition |
[186] |
Abbreviations: 4E-BP2: Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 2, ADC: Apparent digestibility coefficient, AKT: Protein kinase B, CAT: Catalase, FCR: Feed conversion ratio, FER: Feed efficiency ratio, FGR: Fish growth response, FI: Feed intake, FW: Final weight, GPx: Glutathione peroxidase, IGF-I: Insulin like growth factor I, PepT1: Peptide transporter 1, PER: Protein efficiency ratio, S6K1: Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1, SGR: Specific growth rate, SOD: Superoxide dismutase, SR: Survival rate, TOR: Target of rapamycin, WG: Weight gain.