. 2024 Feb 10;27(3):109201. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109201

Table 1.

Studies of the bioeffects of EMR on humans

EMR Frequency	Dose of EMR	Modulation pattern	Exposure duration	Bioeffect of EMR	Reference
Quasi-static magnetic field	35 μT	Rotation	7 min	Altered electroencephalography (EEG)	Wang et al. ³²
Static/50 Hz electric field	Tens of kV/m	–	–	Cutaneous sensations	Kato Blondin Odagiri-Shimizu Chapman Jankowiak et al. ²⁷^,²⁸^,²⁹^,³⁰^,³¹
GSM: 900 MHz TETRA: 385 MHz	GSM SAR: 2 W/kg TETRA SAR: 6 W/kg	GSM: 2, 8, 14, 217, 1736 Hz pulse TETRA: 17.6 Hz pulse	30 min at weekly intervals	Altered EEG in sleep	Huber Schmid Danker-Hopfe⁸^,⁹^,¹⁰
900 MHz	Peak SAR: 0.49, 0.70, 0.93 W/kg	GSM	26 min	Unchanged heart rate variability	Wallace et al. ¹¹
800-2200 MHz	–	UMTS/HSDPA/HSUPA	1-4 h/day active cell phone usage	Decreased semen quality	Rago Al-Bayyari et al. ¹⁹^,²³⁵
Analog phones: 450–900 MHz; GSM phones: 850–1900 MHz 3rd generation phones: ∼2 GHz	0.12–1.6 W/kg body weight	1^st/2^ND/3^rd generation cell phone communications	0-4 h/day		Fejes Agarwal Chalabi¹⁶^,¹⁷^,¹⁸
Cell phones: 850–1800 MHz; Wi-Fi: 2.45 GHz	3.19 W/kg	3^rd/4^th generation cell phone, Wi-Fi	30-120 min/day		Yildirim, Ding et al. ²⁰^,²¹
3.6–10 GHz	–	–	Mean duration: 8 years	Worse gonadic function	Lancranjan¹⁴