Table 1.

Description of the 3-point rating scale (Maas et al., 2012; Strand et al., 2006).

Rating	Definition	Criteria
2	Accurate productions	These productions have NO error
1	Close approximations	These productions have ONLY ONE of the following errors Mild vowel distortion: sounds like a bad example of the target vowel, or between the target and another vowel, but is NOT a vowel substitution Mild consonant error: has a change in ONLY ONE feature that affects the place, manner, or voicing of the consonant Excessive lengthening: a consonant or a vowel is lengthened excessively Prosodic error in bisyllabic words: inaccurate stress, equal stress, or word segmentation in bisyllabic words
0	Inaccurate productions	These productions have any error that do not qualify for a 1 and/ or have multiple errors. This includes but is not limited to: Vowel substitution: sounds like a good exemplar of a different vowel Consonant Substitution: more than one feature is different from target Omission of sound/syllable Addition of sound/syllable Multiple errors: More than one sound error and/ or sound error plus prosodic error