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. 2023 Sep 6;147(3):858–870. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad297

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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Sex-specific expression of genes mapped to Parkinson’s disease loci. (A) Sex-specific expression of genes mapped to Parkinson’s disease loci in the superior frontal cortex of neuropathologically healthy donors: [A(i)] LRRK2 (rs76904798 and rs34637584) and [A(ii)] PAM (rs26431) show higher expression levels in females (F) compared to males (M). [A(iii)] ITPKB (rs4653767) shows lower expression levels in females (F) compared to males (M). (B) Genes showing a sex-specific allelic effect/expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and a statistically different direction in the two sexes: [B(i)] KCNIP3 (rs2042477) and [B(ii)] GALC (rs979812). (C) Of the nine genes with statistically significant different age-related expression between the sexes, NUCKS1 sex-specific age-related expression is associated with the rs823118 genotype in [C(i)] females but not [C(ii)] males. A = adenine; C = cytosine; G = guanine; T = thymine.