Table 2.
The published studies on ovarian sentinel node mapping.
| First author/year | Study population/number of patients | Mapping material | Site of injection | Wait time after injection | SLNs location | Detection rate/false negative rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vanneuville/1991 [15] | Ablation of benign ovarian cyst or for tubal ligation/14 | Tc-99m + rhenium sulfide colloid | Mesovarium (of normal ovaries) | 4–6 hr scintigraphy | Aortic only 33%/both aortic and pelvic 67% | 85.7%/NA |
| Negishi/2004 [16] | Ten endometrial cancer, one fallopian tube tumor/11 | CH40 (charcoal solution) | Ovarian cortex | 10 min | Aortic only 64%/ both aortic and pelvic 36% | 100%/NA |
| Kleppe/2014 [17] | Patients with a pelvic mass suggestive of a malignant ovarian tumor/21 | Tc-99m—albumin nanocolloid + blue dye | Proper ovarian and suspensory ligament | Minimum 15 min | Aortic only 67%/ pelvic only 9.5%/ both aortic and pelvic 24% | 100%/0% |
| Hassanzadeh/2016 [11] | Patients with ovarian mass (cancer = 13,benign = 1, borderline = 21 patients)/35 | Tc-99m-Phytate + blue dye (in only four patients) | 10: normal ovarian cortex 25: proper ovarian and suspensory ligament | 10 min | Aortic only 84%/ pelvic only 8%/ both aortic and pelvic 8% | Cortex injection: 40%/0% ligaments injection: 84%/0% radiotracer 71.4%/0% |
| Angelucci/2016 [18] | Early ovarian carcinoma/5 | ICG | Hilum of the ovary | 2 min | Aortic only 40%/ pelvic only 20%/ both aortic and pelvic 40% | 100%/NA |
| Buda/2017 [19] | Suspicion of malignant ovarian tumor (7 patients) + cervical carcinoma (3 patients)/10 | ICG | Dorsal and ventral side of the proper ovarian and suspensory ligament | Real time | Aortic only 67%/pelvic only 11%/both aortic and pelvic 22% | 90%/NA |
| Speth/2017 [20] | Three endometrial cancer G3/3 ∗ | Tc-99m—albumin nanocolloid + blue dye | Proper ovarian and suspensory ligament | 15 min | Aortic only 67%/pelvic only 33% | 100%/NA |
| Nyberg/2017 [21] | Ovarian mass (cancer = 5, benign = 11, borderline = 4 patients)/20 | Tc-99m—albumin nanocolloid + blue dye | Mesovarium | 10–20 min | Aortic only 60%/pelvic only 10%/both aortic and pelvic 30% | 100%/0% |
| Lago/2019 [12] | Early ovarian cancer/10 | Tc-99m—albumin colloid +IGC | Proper ovarian and suspensory ligament stumps | 15–30 min | NA | Tc-99m:100% (IGC: 90%)/50% |
| Uccella/2019 [13] | Early ovarian cancer/31 | ICG | Dorsal and ventral side of the proper ovarian and suspensory ligament | 5–20 min | Aortic only 62%/ pelvic only 19%/both aortic and pelvic 19% | 67.7%/0% |
| Lago/2020 [22] | Early ovarian cancer/20 | Tc-99m—albumin colloid + IGC | Proper ovarian and suspensory ligament stumps | 15–30 min | Aortic only 5%/ both aortic and pelvic 95% | Tc-99m:100%/NA IGC: 95%/NA |
| Laven/2020 [23] | Pelvic mass suspicious for malignancy (8 patients) or with a history of prior resection of a malignant ovarian mass (3 patients)/11 | Tc-99m—albumin nanocolloid + blue dye | Dorsal and ventral sides of the remains of the proper ovarian and suspensory ligaments | At least 15 min | Aortic only 18%/ both aortic and pelvic 9% | Tc-99m: 27%/NA blue dye: 0%/NA |
| The current study | Suspicion of malignant ovarian tumor/30 | Tc-99m-phytate | Proper ovarian and suspensory ligament | 15–20 min | Aortic only 20%/pelvic only 23%/both aortic and pelvic 47% | 90%/NA |
∗Eight patients were considered in this study. Of these, five cases with an ovarian tumor were published elsewhere [20]. As such, these five patients were excluded from the study in question. ICG, indocyanine green; Tc-99m, technetium 99; NA, not available; SPECT/CT, single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography.