Table 4.

General Recommendations Through LSM Pillars for Prevention/Management of MRFs, DM, CVD, Stroke/VCI

LSM Pillar	Recommendations (Key messages)
Nutrition	• DASH Diet • MeDI Diet • MIND Diet General recommendations for these dietary patterns include the higher intake of whole grains, legumes, fruits, vegetables (green leafy), fish, vegetable (olive) oils, seeds, and nuts, and the lower intake of low-fat dairy products and poultry; all resulting in optimal content of fibers, but also macro and micronutrients (specifically low sodium/potassium ratio).
Physical Activity	• ≥150-300 min/week of moderate intensity and/or 75-150 min of vigorous intensity of aerobic activity • ≥ 2 resistance training sessions per week • For older adults, incorporate PA that includes a balance component
Sleep Health	• Healthy sleep-quality & sleep duration (7-9h/night) • Cognitive Behaviour Therapy • Sleep Hygiene
Stress Management	• Mind and-body interventions such as meditation, yoga, tai-chi, qigong, visualizations, modified slow breathing, and progressive muscle relaxation techniques
Social Connections	• Connections with friends and family • Part of a broader social network such as volunteering, group-activities, etc.
Substance Use	• Smoking cessation • Responsible alcohol consumption or abstinence

DASH: Dietary Approaches to Stopping Hypertension

MeDI: Mediterranean Diet

MIND: Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay