Figure 2.

Hypothetical models for PKC signaling driving nuclear function. The cartoon depicts different models for transcriptional control by PKC. A, PKC isozymes can be either located in the nucleus or translocated to the nucleus, where they phosphorylate components of the transcriptional complexes, including transcription factors (TFs), and turn on or off the transcriptional activation of selected genes. B, PKCs can regulate transcription via their downstream effectors, which shuttle to the nucleus upon phosphorylation by PKC or PKC effector kinases. C, PKCs localize in the cytoplasmic compartment and upon activation phosphorylate TFs, which in turn shuttle to the nucleus. D, PKCs (or PKC effector kinases) can phosphorylate proteins that bind (and inhibit) transcription factors. Phosphorylation of these inhibitory proteins in the complex leads to the dissociation of the transcription factor and its translocation to the nucleus.