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. 2024 Feb 22;121(9):e2313925121. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2313925121

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Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND).

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Fig. 4. — ChatGPT’s dynamic play in the Prisoner’s Dilemma Game. ChatGPT-4 exhibits a higher tendency to cooperate compared to ChatGPT-3, which is significantly more cooperative than human players. The tendency persists when the other player cooperates. On the other hand, both chatbots apply a one-round Tit-for-Tat strategy when the other player defects. The other player’s (first round) choice is observed after Round 1 play and before Round 2 play: (A) the other player cooperates; (B) the other player defects.