Fig. 2.

Plot (A) illustrates the evolutionary phases. Our evolutionary game consists of three phases: 1) interaction, 2) gossiping, and 3) strategy updating. In the interaction phase, a set of agents are selected to play a cooperation game with a neighbor and gain corresponding payoffs. In the gossiping phase, another set of agents are selected as speakers. If the speaker is a gossiper, they will gossip about a certain number of targets to a randomly selected neighbor. During the strategy-updating phase, another set of agents are selected to update their strategies. By repeating the iterations, we observe the evolutionary trajectories of different strategies and behaviors. Plot (B) illustrates an agent’s action as a function of their own strategy and their belief about the interaction partner’s strategy.