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. 2024 Feb 5;56(2):408–421. doi: 10.1038/s12276-024-01168-4

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a The expression of PKR-ISR pathway-related proteins in rNPCs with or without TLR4-IN-C34 pretreatment for 1 h and LPS treatment for 6 h. b Ccl2 and Ccl7 gene expression in rNPCs with or without TLR4-IN-C34 or MitoTempo pretreatment for 1 h and LPS treatment for 6 h. c ELISA results showing CCL2 and CCL7 levels in supernatants derived from rNPCs with or without TLR4-IN-C34 or MitoTempo pretreatment for 1 h and LPS treatment for 6 h. d Fluorescence staining and FCM analysis of mtROS by MitoSOX in rNPCs pretreated with TLR4-IN-C34 or MitoTempo for 1 h and then treated with LPS for 6 h. e PKR-ISR pathway-related protein expression in rNPCs with or without MitoTempo pretreatment for 1 h and LPS treatment for 6 h. f Immunofluorescence staining of dsRNA and mitochondria in rNPCs pretreated with TLR4-IN-C34, MitoTempo or IMT1B for 1 h and then treated with LPS for 6 h. g Ccl2 and Ccl7 gene expression in rNPCs with or without IMT1B pretreatment for 1 h and LPS treatment for 6 h. h ELISA results showing CCL2 and CCL7 levels in rNPC supernatant. i The expression of PKR-ISR pathway-related proteins in rNPCs. Experiments were performed 3 times, and the data are presented as the means ± SDs. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001; ns, not significant, with ANOVA. Con, control; MT, MitoTempo; TLR4i, TLR4-IN-C34.