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. 2024 Feb 7;204(2):257–277. doi: 10.1007/s00442-023-05503-w

Table 3.

Summary of calculated key topological food-web metrics for each of the four subwebs in the three compartments

Metric Web Predator–prey Predator–prey + parasite-host (no predator-parasite + no parasite-parasite) Predator–prey + parasite-host + predator-parasite (no parasite-parasite) Predator–prey + parasite-host + predator-parasite + parasite-parasite
Nodes Pelagic 37 53 53 53
Benthic 98 128 128 128
Whole-lake 128 174 174 174
Observed links Pelagic 209 277 512 512
Benthic 1731 1943 3244 3270
Whole-lake 2017 2347 4250 4276
Trophic levels Pelagic 4.4 4.7 9.2 9.2
Benthic 3.8 4.3 8.8 9.3
Whole-lake 4.0 4.5 10.4 10.6
Longest chain Pelagic 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0
Benthic 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Whole-lake 7.0 6.0 5.0 5.0
Linkage density Pelagic 5.65 5.23 9.66 9.66
Benthic 17.66 15.18 25.34 25.55
Whole-lake 15.76 13.49 24.43 24.57
Connectance Pelagic 0.153 0.099 0.182 0.182
Benthic 0.180 0.119 0.198 0.200
Whole-lake 0.123 0.078 0.140 0.141
Adjusted connectance Pelagic 0.141 0.201
Benthic 0.155 0.210
Whole-lake 0.105 0.151
Mean degree Pelagic 11.30 (± 6.78) 10.45 (± 8.31) 19.32 (± 10.39) 19.32 (± 10.39)
Benthic 35.33 (± 17.47) 30.36 (± 21.15) 50.69 (± 26.57) 51.09 (± 26.90)
Whole-lake 31.52 (± 19.03) 26.98 (± 21.53) 48.85 (± 30.36) 49.15 (± 30.68)
Mean generality Pelagic 5.65 (± 5.65) 5.23 (± 5.09) 7.70 (± 8.63)a 9.66 (± 9.27)
Benthic 17.66 (± 19.06) 15.18 (± 17.64) 22.36 (± 21.84)a 25.55 (± 25.80)
Whole-lake 15.76 (± 18.46) 13.49 (± 16.67) 20.38 (± 21.88)a 24.57 (± 27.20)
Mean vulnerability Pelagic 5.65 (± 4.18) 5.23 (± 5.59) 9.66 (± 6.59) 9.66 (± 6.59)
Benthic 17.66 (± 11.04) 15.18 (± 11.96) 25.34 (± 17.48) 25.55 (± 17.91)
Whole-lake 15.76 (± 10.82) 13.49 (± 11.73) 24.42 (± 18.71) 24.57 (± 19.09)

Bold values denote those used for metric comparisons among compartments

aGenerality for the predator–prey + parasite-host + predator-parasite subwebs was calculated without concomitant predation because these interactions do not contribute to the free-living predator’s host breadth and do not factor into the movement of energy in a food web (Morton and Lafferty 2022)