Table 4.

Results from Z test comparisons of generality and vulnerability in each of the three versions of the food web

	Free-living	Parasite	Pelagic web		Benthic web		Whole-lake web
			Z score	P value	Z score	P value	Z score	P value
Generality	Generality of subweb without parasites	Generality of subweb with parasites	1.3606	0.17	1.7222	0.085	1.9862	0.047
	Generality of free-living taxa	Generality of parasite taxa	− 2.1663	0.030	− 7.2457	4.30e−13	− 7.2787	3.73e−13
	Generality of free-living taxa in subweb without parasites	Generality of free-living taxa in subweb with parasites	1.6943	0.090	3.1395	0.0017	3.4248	0.00062
Vulnerability	Vulnerability of subweb without parasites	Vulnerability of subweb with parasites	3.5267	0.00042	4.0721	4.66e-05	5.0826	3.72e−07
	Vulnerability of free-living taxa	Vulnerability of parasite taxa	7.2142	5.42e−13	5.0643	4.10e−07	6.3731	1.85e−10
	Vulnerability of free-living taxa in subweb without parasites	Vulnerability of free-living taxa in subweb with parasites	1.3174	0.19	1.4569	0.15	1.7639	0.078

Positive Z scores indicate that the parasite value is larger than the free-living. Negative Z scores indicate that the free-living value is larger than the parasite value. Bold P values denote significant differences