. 2023 Oct 19;32(1):683–692. doi: 10.1007/s10787-023-01363-1

Table 4.

Effect estimates of the associations between RA and IBD in East Asian populations

Exposure GWAS ID	Outcome GWAS ID	Method	SNPs(N)	OR	95CI%	MR P–value	Heterogeneity Q/P–value	Pleiotropy P–value
RA (bbj– a– 72)	IBD (ieu-a-293)	IVW	11	1.028	0.935–1.129	0.567	5.389/0.864
		MR Egger	11	0.97	0.725–1.298	0.843	5.221/0.815	0.690^a
		Weighted median	11	1.004	0.888–1.135	0.947
		Simple mode	11	0.985	0.813–1.194	0.883
		Weighted mode	11	0.975	0.821–1.159	0.78
		MR– PRESSO	11	–	–	–		0.871^b
	CD (ieu-a-11)	IVW	11	1.268	1.108–1.451	< 0.001	14.912/0.135
		MR Egger	11	1.257	0.807–1.958	0.338	14.909/0.093	0.969^a
		Weighted median	11	1.251	1.049–1.492	0.013
		Simple mode	11	1.069	0.761–1.500	0.71
		Weighted mode	11	1.039	0.728–1.484	0.836
		MR– PRESSO	11	–	–	–		0.117^b
	UC (ieu-a-969)	IVW	10	0.839	0.710–0.993	0.041	13.838/0.128
		MR Egger	10	0.68	0.415–1.114	0.165	12.591/0.127	0.399^a
		Weighted median	10	0.847	0.695–1.003	0.101
		Simple mode	10	0.815	0.586–1.135	0.028
		Weighted mode	10	0.868	0.655–1.150	0.349
		MR– PRESSO	10	–	–	–		0.141^b

RA rheumatoid arthritis; IBD inflammatory bowel disease, CD Crohn's disease, UC ulcerative colitis; SNP single nucleotide polymorphism; OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval; IVW inverse–variance–weighted; MR, Mendelian randomization; MR– PRESSO, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier

a: p–value of the intercept from MR Egger regression analysis

b: p–value of MR–PRESSO global test