Table 3.
Mean (SD) thickness [µm] and volume [mm3] of the intraretinal layers and the MT and MV
| Layer | Arithmetic mean (SD) | Results from the regression models | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NT | SD | βgroup | SE | p value | d | |
| Total Volume [μm] | ||||||
| MT | 2930.82 (111.29) | 2850.29 (112.56) | − 88.00 | 28.34 | .003 (*) | − 0.80 |
| RNFL | 244.97 (19.95) | 238.99 (21.66) | − 5.46 | 5.26 | .303 (ns) | − 0.27 |
| GCL | 385.42 (23.27) | 370.09 (32.27) | − 15.04 | 7.14 | .039 (ns) | − 0.54 |
| IPL | 322.36 (16.15) | 312.35 (20.88) | − 10.78 | 4.79 | .028 (ns) | − 0.58 |
| INL | 316.44 (16.96) | 315.34 (23.07) | − 1.40 | 5.15 | .787 (ns) | − 0.07 |
| OPL | 254.40 (17.06) | 260.57 (20.25) | 6.31 | 5.08 | .219 (ns) | 0.32 |
| ONL | 678.60 (64.26) | 629.66 (63.02) | − 53.22 | 16.70 | .002 (*) | − 0.82 |
| PR + RPE | 729.44 (20.00) | 724.12 (18.74) | − 5.21 | 4.55 | .257 (ns) | − 0.29 |
| Total Volume [mm3] | ||||||
| MV | 8.98 (0.35) | 8.75 (0.34) | − 0.26 | 0.09 | .005 (*) | − 0.75 |
| RNFL | 0.91 (0.09) | 0.89 (0.09) | − 0.02 | 0.02 | .318 (ns) | − 0.26 |
| GCL | 1.16 (0.06) | 1.12 (0.09) | − 0.04 | 0.02 | .030 (ns) | − 0.57 |
| IPL | 0.95 (0.04) | 0.93 (0.06) | − 0.03 | 0.01 | .047 (ns) | − 0.52 |
| INL | 0.98 (0.05) | 0.98 (0.07) | 0.00 | 0.01 | .812 (ns) | − 0.06 |
| OPL | 0.78 (0.05) | 0.79 (0.06) | 0.01 | 0.01 | .645 (ns) | 0.12 |
| ONL | 1.95 (0.19) | 1.81 (0.18) | − 0.15 | 0.05 | .003 (*) | − 0.78 |
| PR + RPE | 2.25 (0.06) | 2.24 (0.06) | − 0.01 | 0.01 | .331 (ns) | − 0.25 |
Group coefficients (βgroup), standard errors (SE), p values (significance level after Benjamini–Hochberg adjustment (Benjamini & Hochberg, 1995) in parentheses) and effects sizes (d) from the robust regression models are summarized. Significant differences are highlighted in bold. Male NT were defined as reference (β0). Group coefficients (βgroup) represent the robust estimated differences in means [µm/mm3] between NT and ASD after adjusting for age and sex
ASD autism spectrum disorder; βgroup coefficient for the group parameter from the regression model; d Cohen’s d; GCL ganglion cell layer; INL inner nuclear layer; IPL inner plexiform layer; ns not significant; MT macular thickness; MV macular volume; NT neurotypical adults; ONL outer nuclear layer; OPL outer plexiform layer; RNFL retinal nerve fiber layer; PR + RPE photoreceptor-retinal pigment epithelium complex; SD standard deviation; SE standard error of the coefficient; * significant