Table 1.

Dose escalation strategies in pancreatic cancer.

Reference	Study design	Patients	Intervention	OS	FFLP	Toxicity
Krishnan et al.[11]	Retrospective	47	Dose escalated chemoradiation (BED > 70 Gy plus gemcitabine or capecitabine)	Median 17.8 months	Median 10.2 months	2 % ≥grade 3 (≥G3) nausea
Parisi et al. [12]	Phase I/II	8	Induction chemotherapy followed by standard dose chemoradiation followed by SBRT boost to a median dose of 12 Gy in 1–3 fractions	Median 21.5 months	73 % at 2 years	No G3 toxicities
T. Courtney [13]	Phase I	30	40, 45, or 50 Gy SBRT in 5 fractions	Median 17.1 months	–	6.7 % experienced G4 to G5 late toxicity, both of which occurred in the 45 Gy group
A. Tozzi et al. [12]	Prospective	30	45 Gy in 6 daily fractions of 7.5 Gy	Median 11 months	96 % at 1 year	No G3 toxicities
Comito et al. [15]	Retrospective	31	45 Gy in 6 fractions	Median 18 months	91 % at 1 year	No G3 toxicities
Mellon et al. [16]	Retrospective	159	20–60 Gy in 3–5 fractions	Median 18,1 months	–	Acute and/or late toxicity grade 3 in 7 % (bleeding from de duodenum or stomach)
Shaib et al. [17]	Phase 1	13	45 Gy in 3 fractions	Median 11 months	–	No G3 toxicities
Rudra et al. [18]	Retrospective	20	High dose MRgRT (BED > 70 Gy, SBRT alone or hypofractionated RT plus concurrent gemcitabine, capecitabine, or gemcitabine-nab paclitaxel) vs standard‐dose groups (BED10 ≤ 70)	Median 20.8 months	77 % at 2 years	0 % ≥G3 GI toxicities
Hassanzadeh et al.[19]	Retrospective	44	MR guided SBRT (50 Gy in 5 fractions) with adaptive reoptimization	Median 15.7 months	84 % at 1 year	5 % ≥G3 ulcers
Chuong et al. [20]	Retrospective	35	MR guided SBRT (50 Gy in 5 fractions) with adaptive reoptimization	59 % at 1 year	88 % at 1 year	6 % ≥G3 diarrhea and bile duct stenosis
SMART (Parikh et al.) [21]	Phase II	136	MR guided SBRT (50 Gy in 5 fractions) with adaptive reoptimization	94 % at 1 year	83 % at 1 year	No G3 toxicities