Table 1.

Impact of irrigation regimes and different exogenously applied substances on photosynthetic pigments of diverse rice genotypes over two summer seasons of 2021 and 2022.

Studied Factor		Chlorophyll a (mg g−1 FW)	Chlorophyll b (mg g−1 FW)	Carotenoids (mg g−1 FW)
Irrigation
Well-watered		3.72 a	2.61 a	1.26 a
Drought stress		3.05 b	1.84 b	1.08 b
Foliar application
Untreated control		2.94 c	1.99 c	1.05 c
Nano-silicon		3.56 a	2.34 a	1.15 b
Potassium sulfate		3.47 b	2.20 b	1.21 ab
Proline		3.57 a	2.38 a	1.27 a
Genotypes
IRRAT		3.33 b	2.36 a	1.19 a
G178		3.51 a	2.28 ab	1.21 a
IR64		3.32 b	2.04 b	1.12 b
ANOVA	df	P value
Irrigation (IR)	1	0.012	<0.001	<0.001
Foliar application (FA)	3	0.015	<0.001	<0.001
Genotype (G)	2	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Year (Y)	1	0.342	0.092	0.072
IR × FA	3	0.007	<0.001	<0.001
IR × G	2	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
IR × Y	1	0.066	0.035	0.164
FA × G	6	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
FA × Y	3	0.153	0.083	0.048
G × Y	2	0.029	0.194	0.179
IR × FA × G	6	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
IR × FA × G × Y	3	0.337	0.694	0.952