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. 2024 Feb 8;43(5):836–867. doi: 10.1038/s44318-024-00034-3

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ applies to the data associated with this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data, but does not extend to the graphical or creative elements of illustrations, charts, or figures. This waiver removes legal barriers to the re-use and mining of research data. According to standard scholarly practice, it is recommended to provide appropriate citation and attribution whenever technically possible.

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(A) Top: Southern blot analysis of the HIS4:LEU2 hotspot locus across genotypes during meiosis. P1 and P2 represent parental alleles. R1 and R2 represent COs. DSBs appear near the bottom of the gel. Bottom left: Quantification of DSBs from three replicates at the HIS4:LEU2 locus, from three replicates, shown as a percentage of the total DNA signal for each lane; error bars indicate standard deviation. Bottom right: Measurements of recombination between P1 and P2 are depicted as a percentage of total DNA; error bars indicate standard deviation. (B) Native-native 2D gel electrophoresis and Southern blot analysis of psoralen-stabilized recombination intermediates at the HIS4:LEU2 locus. Top left: Illustration of the expected pattern of recombination intermediates. IS-JM intersister join molecules, IH-JM interhomolog joint molecules. SEIs single-end invasion intermediates, a precursor of IH-JMs. Top right: representative image for each genotype at hour 4. Bottom: Measurements, from three replicates, of joint-molecule signals depicted as the ratio of IH-JM signal to IS-JM signal; error bars indicate standard deviation. Source data are available online for this figure.