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. 2024 Feb 16;4:e44395. doi: 10.2196/44395

Table 3.

Regression results for knowledge, perceptions, and self-reported adherence.

Independent variables (reference) Model 1: knowledgea Model 2: perceptionsa Model 3: self-reported adherencea

β (95% CI) P value β (95% CI) P value β (95% CI) P value
Age .002 (–0.003 to 0.007) .51 –.007 (–0.01 to –0.002) .007b .004 (–0.0004 to 0.008) .07
Gender (men)

Women .026 (–0.1 to 0.15) .69 .16 (0.02 to 0.3) .02b .15 (0.04 to 0.26) .008b
Race or ethnicity (White)

Black or African American –.048 (–0.26 to 0.16) .66 .14 (–0.09 to 0.36) .24 .21 (0.03 to 0.39) .02b

Hispanic or Latino –.079 (–0.27 to 0.11) .41 .28 (0.08 to 0.49) .007b .27 (0.11 to 0.43) .001b

American Indian or Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander .072 (–0.45 to 0.6) .79 .92 (0.35 to 1.49) .002b .32 (–0.13 to 0.77) .16

Other –.09 (–0.35 to 0.17) .49 .07 (–0.21 to 0.34) .63 .14 (–0.07 to 0.36) .19
Education level .03 (–0.014 to 0.079) .17 –.015 (–0.065 to 0.036) .56 .001 (–0.039 to 0.04) .95
Employment .029 (–0.008 to 0.066) .13 –.001 (–0.04 to 0.038) .95 .005 (–0.027 to 0.036) .78
Income .03 (0.005 to 0.05) .02b –.03 (–0.053 to –0.005) .02b –.015 (–0.03 to 0.004) .13
Political affiliation (independent)

Republican –.12 (–0.28 to 0.04) .15 –.5 (–0.67 to –0.33) <.001b –.23 (–0.37 to –0.09) .001b

Democrat –.21 (–0.37 to –0.057) .008b .34 (0.17 to 0.5) <.001b .17 (–0.04 to 0.31) .01b
COVID-19 vaccination status (yes, but no booster)

No .00 (–0.17 to 0.17) .99 –.22 (–0.4 to –0.04) .02b –.22 (–0.36 to –0.07) .003b

Yes, including booster .02 (–0.13 to 0.18) .78 .31 (0.15 to 0.48) <.001b .32 (0.19 to 0.45) <.001b
Site for COVID-19 news (Reddit)

Facebook –.086 (–0.31 to 0.14) .45 –.23 (–0.47 to 0.009) .06 –.23 (–0.42 to –0.043) .02b

Instagram –.026 (–0.28 to 0.23) .84 –.40 (–0.68 to –0.12) .005b –.22 (–0.44 to 0.0026) .05

Snapchat .21 (–0.26 to 0.68) .38 –.17 (–0.66 to 0.31) .49 –.33 (–0.71 to 0.057) .10

TikTok –.29 (–0.58 to –0.004) .047b –.29 (–0.6 to 0.016) .06 –.25 (–0.5 to –0.009) .04b

Twitter .015 (–0.22 to 0.25) .90 –.33 (–0.58 to –0.08) .01b –.08 (–0.28 to 0.12) .43
Regularity of social media use (less than once per week)

Several times per day .27 (–0.18 to 0.71) .24 –.22 (–0.71 to 0.27) .37 –.24 (–0.62 to 0.14) .22

Once per day .16 (–0.32 to 0.63) .52 –.12 (–0.63 to 0.4) .66 –.23 (–0.63 to 0.18) .27

A few times per week .2 (–0.29 to 0.69) .43 –.03 (–0.57 to 0.5) .91 –.16 (–0.58 to 0.27) .47

Once per week –.55 (–1.33 to 0.22) .16 –.23 (–1.07 to 0.62) .60 –.03 (–0.7 to 0.63) .92

aR2 values of models 1-3 are 0.06 (knowledge), 0.23 (perceptions), and 0.19 (self-reported adherence) respectively.

bP values indicate statistical significance at the α=.05 level.