Table 2.

This table details how authors judged manuscripts with artificial intelligence (AI)–generated abstracts with respect to whether an advanced large language model or a newer large language model was used.

Identified role of evaluator	Evaluations of advanced AI-generated abstracts (n=10), n			Evaluations of newer unadvanced AI-generated abstracts (n=10), n
	Advanced AI (correctly identified)	Newer unadvanced AI	Advanced AI		Newer unadvanced AI (correctly identified)
Junior orthopedic surgeon	3	7	5		5
Senior orthopedic surgeon	4	6	6		4
Junior qualitative researcher	3	7	9		1
Senior qualitative researcher	1	9	7		3