Table 2.
Instrument scores by group.
| Group | Original data | Multiple imputation data | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Participants, n | Pre mean (SD) | Post mean (SD) | 2-tailed t testa (df) | P value | Participants, n | Pre mean (SD) | Post mean (SD) | 2-tailed t test (df) | P value | ||||||||||||
| Gratitude group | 18 |
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32 |
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ProQOLb | |||||||||||||||||||||
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|
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Comp. satis.c |
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38.8 (4.6) | 40.4 (6.2) | –2.40 (17) | .05 |
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38.3 (4.8) | 40.1 (5.7) | –3.88 (31) | <.001 | ||||||||||
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|
|
Burnout |
|
24.3 (5.4) | 21.9 (5.6) | 2.12 (17) | .05 |
|
25.0 (5.2) | 23.1 (5.5) | 2.99 (31) | .005 | ||||||||||
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|
|
2° traumad |
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23.2 (5.6) | 21.6 (5.2) | 1.10 (17) | .29 |
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24.4 (6.2) | 22.1 (5.8) | 2.68 (31) | .01 | ||||||||||
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PAVSe | |||||||||||||||||||||
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|
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MVPAf min/wk |
|
86.9 (87.8) | 117.5 (147.5) | –1.04 (17) | .32 |
|
100.5 (95.2) | 130.3 (128.4) | –1.81 (31) | .08 | ||||||||||
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SHSg | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Happiness |
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4.8 (1.3) | 5.3 (1.3) | –4.04 (17) | <.001 |
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4.8 (1.1) | 5.2 (1.4) | –3.13 (31) | .004 | ||||||||||
| Exercise group | 7 |
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14 |
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ProQOL | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Comp. satis. |
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45.0 (4.4) | 44.7 (4.8) | 0.16 (6) | .88 |
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42.1 (6.7) | 42.6 (6.7) | –0.51 (13) | .62 | ||||||||||
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Burnout |
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19.7 (4.6) | 19.7 (5.6) | 0.00 (6) | 1.00 |
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23.2 (6.7) | 22.2 (6.2) | 1.20 (13) | .25 | ||||||||||
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|
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2° trauma |
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22.4 (6.0) | 19.1 (6.1) | 2.33 (6) | .06 |
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23.8 (6.3) | 21.1 (6.7) | 3.52 (13) | .004 | ||||||||||
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PAVS | |||||||||||||||||||||
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MVPA min/wk |
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74.3 (65.2) | 125.7 (51.3) | –1.78 (6) | .13 |
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68.6 (59.6) | 108.5 (56.8) | –2.78 (13) | .02 | ||||||||||
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SHS | |||||||||||||||||||||
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|
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Happiness |
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5.5 (0.9) | 5.5 (1.2) | 0.00 (6) | 1.00 |
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5.1 (1.2) | 5.2 (1.2) | –0.97 (13) | .35 | ||||||||||
| Mindfulness group | 11 |
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19 |
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ProQOL | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
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Comp. satis. |
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36.7 (5.4) | 38.0 (5.9) | –1.21 (10) | .26 |
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37.3 (5.2) | 38.9 (5.4) | –2.57 (18) | .02 | ||||||||||
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|
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Burnout |
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27.5 (6.2) | 25.8 (5.5) | 1.27 (10) | .23 |
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26.5 (5.5) | 25.4 (5.3) | 1.27 (18) | .22 | ||||||||||
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2° trauma |
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28.1 (7.2) | 26.2 (7.2) | 0.98 (10) | .35 |
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27.4 (6.9) | 25.5 (7.5) | 1.68 (18) | .11 | ||||||||||
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PAVS | |||||||||||||||||||||
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MVPA min/wk |
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90.5 (113.9) | 10.0 (122.4) | –0.55 (10) | .59 |
|
107.6 (99.7) | 127.4 (109.2) | –1.92 (18) | .07 | ||||||||||
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SHS | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
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Happiness |
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4.2 (1.2) | 4.6 (0.8) | –1.75 (10) | .11 |
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4.6 (1.2) | 5.0 (1.2) | –2.32 (18) | .03 | ||||||||||
| Total, all groups | 36 |
|
|
|
|
65 |
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||||||||||||
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ProQOL | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
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Comp. satis. |
|
39.4 (5.6) | 40.5 (6.2) | –1.94 (35) | .06 |
|
38.8 (5.6) | 40.3 (6.2) | –4.08 (64) | <.001 | ||||||||||
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|
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Burnout |
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24.4 (6.0) | 22.7 (5.9) | 2.30 (35) | .03 |
|
25.0 (5.7) | 23.6 (5.7) | 3.39 (64) | .001 | ||||||||||
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|
|
2° trauma |
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24.5 (6.5) | 22.5 (6.4) | 2.11 (35) | .04 |
|
25.1 (6.5) | 22.9 (6.6) | 4.08 (64) | <.001 | ||||||||||
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PAVS | |||||||||||||||||||||
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|
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MVPA min/wk |
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85.6 (90.6) | 113.8 (124.1) | –1.71 (35) | .10 |
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95.7 (90.1) | 124.8 (109.8) | –3.19 (64) | .002 | ||||||||||
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SHS | |||||||||||||||||||||
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|
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Happiness |
|
4.7 (1.3) | 5.1 (1.2) | –3.72 (35) | <.001 |
|
4.8 (1.2) | 5.1 (1.3) | –3.99 (64) | <.001 | ||||||||||
aThe t test was 2-tailed.
bProQOL: Professional Quality of Life instrument with subscales of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary trauma stress.
cComp. satis.: compassion satisfaction.
d2° Trauma: secondary trauma stress.
ePAVS: Physical Activity Vital Sign instrument.
fMVPA: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, measured in minutes per week.
gSHS: Subjective Happiness Scale.