Table 3.

Summary of findings from studies included in the meta-analysis and meta-regression

Study	Subgroup	No. Studies	No. eyes	Meta-analysis				Meta-regression
				Standardized MD	95%CI	P-value	Subgroup difference	Variable	estimate	P-value
AMD	Wet	2	5	− 1.74	− 2.91 to − 0.58	< 0.01	< 0.05	Publication year	0.35	< 0.05
								Mean age	0.30	< 0.0001
	Dry	10	135	− 0.26	− 0.73–0.22	< 0.01		Scaffold	− 3.50	< 0.001
								RPE	1.90	< 0.0001
								NSC	− 1.97	< 0.05
	Overall	12	140	− 0.47	− 0.91 to − 0.03	< 0.05
								BMSC	0.50	0.17
								UPMSC	− 1.16	0.11
SMD	Overall	2	40	0.25	− 0.52–1.02	0.52	NA	Publication year	− 0.01	0.74
								Mean age	− 0.03	< 0.05
								RPE	1.38	0.09
								BMSC	1.24	0.15
RP	Overall	2	44	0.41	0.16–0.67	< 0.01	NA	NA	NA	NA

MD, mean difference; AMD, age-related macular degeneration; SMD, Stargardt’s macular dystrophy; RP, retinitis pigmentosa; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium; ESC, embryonic stem cell; NSC, neural stem cell; ASC, adult stem cell; BMSC, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell; ADSC, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell; UMSC, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell