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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 2.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Int. 2022 Jan 18;161:107088. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107088

Table 4.

Associations of gaseous and particulate matter air pollutants and risk of death following breast cancer diagnosis among CA MEC breast cancer cases by ERPR status, 1993–2013a.

All-cause mortality Breast cancer mortality CVD mortality Non-breast cancer and non-CVD mortality
Deaths HR 95% CI p-value Deaths HR 95% CI p-value Deaths HR 95% CI p-value Deaths HR 95% CI p-value
LUR NOxb ER+/PR+ 569 1.27 (0.97–1.66) 0.08 214 1.53 (0.98–2.39) 0.06 144 1.35 (0.78–2.33) 0.28 211 1.05 (0.67–1.64) 0.85
ER-PR- 189 1.20 (0.72–1.99) 0.48 106 1.58 (0.81–3.09) 0.18 – – – – 48 1.30 (0.32–5.28) 0.71
Pheterogenerity 0.84 0.92 – 0.74
NO2b ER+/PR+ 584 1.20 (0.87–1.64) 0.26 220 1.34 (0.79–2.26) 0.28 148 1.25 (0.65–2.42) 0.51 216 1.10 (0.65–1.85) 0.73
ER-PR- 196 1.21 (0.67–2.15) 0.53 109 1.95 (0.89–4.28) 0.10 – – – – 51 1.67 (0.31–9.03) 0.55
Pheterogenerity 0.98 0.41 – 0.64
Kriging NOxb ER+/PR+ 647 1.14 (0.89–1.47) 0.31 238 1.31 (0.86–2.02) 0.21 166 1.33 (0.79–2.24) 0.29 243 0.98 (0.65–1.49) 0.93
ER-PR- 213 1.40 (0.89–2.20) 0.15 120 1.76 (0.93–3.31) 0.08 41 2.64 (0.42–16.76) 0.30 52 0.87 (0.27–2.78) 0.81
Pheterogenerity 0.40 0.40 0.38 0.86
N02b ER+/PR+ 659 1.08 (0.80–1.45) 0.63 243 1.28 (0.76–2.14) 0.35 166 1.36 (0.73–2.55) 0.33 250 0.89 (0.55–1.44) 0.64
ER-PR- 215 1.81 (1.04–3.15) 0.04 122 2.63 (1.19–5.83) 0.02 41 1.79 (0.21–15.2) 0.59 52 1.49 (0.33–6.83) 0.61
Pheterogenerity 0.11 0.14 0.81 0.53
PM2.5b ER+/PR+ 657 1.03 (0.78–1.36) 0.84 241 1.05 (0.65–1.72) 0.83 166 1.12 (0.64–1.97) 0.69 250 0.98 (0.63–1.51) 0.91
ER-PR- 215 1.41 (0.86–2.30) 0.17 121 1.76 (0.88–3.52) 0.11 41 1.30 (0.20–8.43) 0.78 53 1.22 (0.33–4.58) 0.77
Pheterogenerity 0.20 0.18 0.72 0.72
PM10b ER+/PR+ 659 1.09 (0.92–1.29) 0.33 243 1.12 (0.83–1.52) 0.46 166 1.12 (0.80–1.58) 0.51 250 1.07 (0.81–1.40) 0.65
ER-PR- 216 1.32 (0.96–1.81) 0.09 122 1.47 (0.95–2.28) 0.09 41 0.65 (0.20–2.08) 0.46 53 1.37 (0.57–3.31) 0.48
Pheterogenerity 0.15 0.19 0.39 0.63
a

Adjusted for race/ethnicity, marital status, stage, grade, histology, tumor size, chemotherapy, hormone treatment, radiation, surgery, nSES at diagnosis and current nSES, BMI, smoking, alcohol, diabetes, CVD risk, and age at first live birth; age at diagnosis as a stratum variable

b

Kriging and LUR per 50 ppb NOX; 20 ppb Kriging and LUR NO2; Kriging per PM10 and PM2.5