Table 2. Risk factors of respiratory failure.
| Univariate | Age- & sex-adjusted | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | p value | HR | 95% CI | p value | |
| Lab data | ||||||
| Creatinine | 1.12 | [0.86–1.47] | 0.406 | 1.12 | [0.86–1.46] | 0.407 |
| Hemoglobin | 0.94 | [0.79–1.13] | 0.529 | 0.91 | [0.76–1.11] | 0.354 |
| CRP | 0.91 | [0.82–1.01] | 0.089 | 0.90 | [0.81–1.01] | 0.082 |
| Platelet | 1.00 | [1.00–1.00] | 0.890 | 1.00 | [1.00–1.00] | 0.805 |
| WBC | 1.00 | [1.00–1.00] | 0.161 | 1.00 | [1.00–1.00] | 0.110 |
| Total bilirubin | 1.13 | [1.01–1.26] | 0.026* | 1.12 | [1.00–1.25] | 0.052 |
| Albumin | 0.82 | [0.42–1.60] | 0.566 | 0.75 | [0.37–1.52] | 0.422 |
| Galactomannan test | ||||||
| Blood-first | 0.97 | [0.72–1.30] | 0.831 | 0.99 | [0.74–1.33] | 0.969 |
| Blood-max | 1.08 | [0.92–1.27] | 0.340 | 1.08 | [0.92–1.27] | 0.353 |
| BAL-first | 1.16 | [0.99–1.35] | 0.066 | 1.17 | [1.00–1.37] | 0.044* |
| BAL-max | 1.11 | [0.95–1.31] | 0.192 | 1.13 | [0.96–1.34] | 0.139 |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| COPD | 1.23 | [0.36–4.17] | 0.739 | 0.94 | [0.26–3.45] | 0.931 |
| Asthma | 0.29 | [0.04–2.16] | 0.226 | 0.32 | [0.04–2.39] | 0.266 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 4.85 | [1.43–16.41] | 0.011* | 4.04 | [1.14–14.29] | 0.030* |
| DM | 0.64 | [0.19–2.17] | 0.474 | 0.60 | [0.17–2.04] | 0.410 |
| Hematological disease | 0.44 | [0.19–1.06] | 0.066 | 0.49 | [0.20–1.21] | 0.120 |
| Solid organ malignancy | 4.81 | [2.02–11.49] | <0.001** | 5.22 | [1.98–13.75] | 0.001** |
| Liver or kidney transplant | 1.70 | [0.40–7.31] | 0.473 | 1.25 | [0.28–5.58] | 0.774 |
| IPA groups | ||||||
| Possible IPA | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Probable IPA | 3.53 | [1.14–10.98] | 0.029* | 3.68 | [1.18–11.45] | 0.024* |
| Proven IPA | 1.99 | [0.36–10.87] | 0.428 | 1.68 | [0.30–9.45] | 0.556 |
| Putative IPA | 4.36 | [1.08–17.60] | 0.039* | 4.09 | [0.98–17.03] | 0.053 |
Notes:
Cox proportional hazard regression.
*
p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.01.
CRP, C-reactive protein; WBC, white blood cell; BAL, bronchial alveolar lavage; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; IPA, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.