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. 2024 Feb 28;12:e17066. doi: 10.7717/peerj.17066

Table 3. Risk factors of kidney failure.

Univariate Age- & sex-adjusted
HR 95% CI p value HR 95% CI p value
Lab data
Creatinine 1.43 [1.25–1.62] <0.001** 1.45 [1.27–1.66] <0.001**
Hemoglobin 0.91 [0.81–1.02] 0.116 0.87 [0.77–0.99] 0.039*
CRP 0.98 [0.94–1.02] 0.237 0.98 [0.94–1.01] 0.208
Platelet 1.00 [1.00–1.00] 0.154 1.00 [1.00–1.00] 0.124
WBC 1.00 [1.00–1.00] 0.893 1.00 [1.00–1.00] 0.856
Total bilirubin 1.05 [0.96–1.16] 0.298 1.07 [0.97–1.18] 0.172
Albumin 0.71 [0.46–1.10] 0.128 0.72 [0.46–1.13] 0.151
Galactomannan test
Blood-first 1.29 [1.13–1.48] <0.001** 1.27 [1.11–1.46] 0.001**
Blood-max 1.14 [1.02–1.28] 0.026* 1.13 [1.01–1.27] 0.037*
BAL-first 1.17 [1.02–1.33] 0.025* 1.18 [1.03–1.35] 0.018*
BAL-max 1.16 [1.02–1.33] 0.028* 1.17 [1.02–1.34] 0.021*
Comorbidity
COPD 1.13 [0.48–2.64] 0.786 0.99 [0.40–2.46] 0.980
Asthma 1.40 [0.66–2.99] 0.380 1.36 [0.63–2.93] 0.438
Liver cirrhosis 2.51 [0.78–8.10] 0.125 2.67 [0.81–8.82] 0.107
DM 2.24 [1.23–4.06] 0.008** 2.07 [1.12–3.82] 0.021*
Hematological disease 0.43 [0.25–0.77] 0.004** 0.44 [0.25–0.79] 0.006**
Solid organ malignancy 0.91 [0.44–1.87] 0.792 0.82 [0.39–1.72] 0.597
Liver or kidney transplant 3.07 [1.30–7.27] 0.011* 3.45 [1.37–8.65] 0.008**
IPA groups
Possible IPA Reference Reference
Probable IPA 2.18 [1.13–4.21] 0.020* 2.17 [1.12–4.20] 0.021*
Proven IPA 0.51 [0.11–2.23] 0.368 0.45 [0.10–2.01] 0.295
Putative IPA 3.96 [1.73–9.05] 0.001** 3.41 [1.45–8.01] 0.005**

Notes:

Cox proportional hazard regression.

*

p < 0.05.

**

p < 0.01.

CRP, C-reactive protein; WBC, white blood cell; BAL, bronchial alveolar lavage; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; IPA, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.