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. 2024 Feb 28;12:e17033. doi: 10.7717/peerj.17033

Figure 2. Histomorphological and neuroprotective protein profiles of hippocampus as determine by H&E stating and Western blotting analysis.

Figure 2

Histological images of hippocampus (A–E) and pyknotic index in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in male rats under stress exposures (F). The black arrow indicates a normal granular cell, characterized by a dark-staining nucleus and scanty cytoplasm. The black asterisk indicates pyknotic nuclei, small condensed, dark-staining nuclei with eosinophilic cytoplasm. Relative glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protein in hippocampus in stressed rats (G) and the representative expression of GDNF to GAPDH (H). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 compared to vehicle-treated control rats. †p < 0.05 compared to vehicle-treated stressed rats (n = 4 rats/group). Con, control; Str, stressed+vehicle; Str+Vlx, stressed+venlafaxine; Str+Syn, stressed+synbiotic supplement; Str+Vlx+Syn, stressed+venlafaxine+synbiotic supplement.