Table 2. Mean difference in scores by postgraduate year (PGY) level.
1: Rated on a five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree).
| Survey topic | PGY level | Mean pre-workshop score1 | Mean post-workshop score1 | Mean difference | P-value |
| Confidence in listening to patients’ stories | 1 | 3.15 | 3.77 | 0.62 | 0.01 |
| Confidence in listening to patients’ stories | 2 | 3.20 | 3.60 | 0.40 | 0.10 |
| Confidence in listening to patients’ stories | 3 | 2.93 | 3.53 | 0.60 | <0.001 |
| Confidence in analyzing literature | 1 | 2.51 | 3.44 | 0.93 | <0.001 |
| Confidence in analyzing literature | 2 | 2.87 | 3.49 | 0.62 | 0.004 |
| Confidence in analyzing literature | 3 | 2.49 | 3.05 | 0.56 | <0.001 |
| Confidence in reflective writing | 1 | 2.18 | 3.10 | 0.92 | <0.001 |
| Confidence in reflective writing | 2 | 2.51 | 3.18 | 0.67 | <0.001 |
| Confidence in reflective writing | 3 | 2.19 | 2.98 | 0.79 | <0.001 |
| Interest in learning about narrative medicine | 1 | 3.26 | 3.72 | 0.46 | 0.01 |
| Interest in learning about narrative medicine | 2 | 3.20 | 3.73 | 0.53 | 0.01 |
| Interest in learning about narrative medicine | 3 | 3.12 | 3.63 | 0.51 | <0.001 |
| Interest in analyzing literature | 1 | 2.62 | 3.46 | 0.84 | <0.001 |
| Interest in analyzing literature | 2 | 3.22 | 3.71 | 0.49 | 0.06 |
| Interest in analyzing literature | 3 | 3.05 | 3.54 | 0.49 | 0.002 |
| Interest in reflective writing | 1 | 2.77 | 3.41 | 0.64 | 0.01 |
| Interest in reflective writing | 2 | 3.09 | 3.73 | 0.64 | <0.001 |
| Interest in reflective writing | 3 | 2.84 | 3.47 | 0.63 | <0.001 |
| Agreement that literary analysis and reflective writing can improve patient care | 1 | 3.90 | 4.33 | 0.43 | 0.09 |
| Agreement that literary analysis and reflective writing can improve patient care | 2 | 3.96 | 4.40 | 0.44 | 0.02 |
| Agreement that literary analysis and reflective writing can improve patient care | 3 | 3.81 | 4.33 | 0.52 | 0.002 |
| Agreement that literary analysis and reflective writing can reduce burnout | 1 | 3.74 | 4.31 | 0.57 | 0.02 |
| Agreement that literary analysis and reflective writing can reduce burnout | 2 | 4.20 | 4.51 | 0.31 | 0.13 |
| Agreement that literary analysis and reflective writing can reduce burnout | 3 | 4.04 | 4.44 | 0.40 | 0.01 |
| Agreement that literary analysis and reflective writing can improve connectedness with colleagues | 1 | 4.21 | 4.49 | 0.28 | 1.00 |
| Agreement that literary analysis and reflective writing can improve connectedness with colleagues | 2 | 4.20 | 4.51 | 0.31 | 0.13 |
| Agreement that literary analysis and reflective writing can improve connectedness with colleagues | 3 | 4.04 | 4.51 | 0.47 | 0.001 |