Table 4. Mean difference in scores by workshop setting (in person vs. virtual).

¹: Rated on a five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree).

Survey topic	In person (Y/N)	Mean pre-workshop score1	Mean post-workshop score1	Mean difference	P-value
Confidence in listening to patients’ stories	N	2.93	3.58	0.65	<0.001
Confidence in listening to patients’ stories	Y	3.23	3.66	0.43	0.002
Confidence in analyzing literature	N	2.51	3.17	0.66	<0.001
Confidence in analyzing literature	Y	2.73	3.43	0.70	<0.001
Confidence in reflective writing	N	2.23	3.06	0.83	<0.001
Confidence in reflective writing	Y	2.36	3.10	0.74	<0.001
Interest in learning about narrative medicine	N	3.14	3.68	0.54	<0.001
Interest in learning about narrative medicine	Y	3.23	3.70	0.47	<0.001
Interest in analyzing literature	N	3.04	3.59	0.55	<0.001
Interest in analyzing literature	Y	2.93	3.56	0.63	<0.001
Interest in reflective writing	N	2.86	3.52	0.66	<0.001
Interest in reflective writing	Y	2.94	3.56	0.62	<0.001
Agreement that literary analysis and reflective writing can improve patient care	N	3.83	4.41	0.58	<0.001
Agreement that literary analysis and reflective writing can improve patient care	Y	3.93	4.30	0.37	0.003
Agreement that literary analysis and reflective writing can reduce burnout	N	4.01	4.48	0.47	<0.001
Agreement that literary analysis and reflective writing can reduce burnout	Y	4.00	4.37	0.37	0.01
Agreement that literary analysis and reflective writing can improve connectedness with colleagues	N	4.11	4.55	0.44	<0.001
Agreement that literary analysis and reflective writing can improve connectedness with colleagues	Y	4.16	4.46	0.30	0.04