Table 2. Causal association between serum iron and left ventricular parameters.

Exposure 2	Outcome	N	Methods	β (95% CI)	P	P for intercept	P for Q statistics
IVW: inverse variance weighting; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVMVR: left ventricular mass-to-end-diastolic volume ratio; LVM: left ventricular mass.
Serum Iron	LVMVR	17	IVW(re)	-0.117 (-0.208, -0.027)	0.011	0.310	0.414
		17	IVW(fe)	-0.117 (-0.206, -0.028)	0.010
		17	MR Egger	-0.169 (-0.301, -0.037)	0.024
		17	Weighted median	-0.135 (-0.272, 0.002)	0.054
		17	Maximum likelihood	-0.117 (-0.206, -0.028)	0.010
	LVEDV	17	IVW(re)	0.112 (0.023, 0.200)	0.014	0.534	0.923
		17	IVW(fe)	0.112 (0.023, 0.200)	0.014
		17	MR Egger	0.142 (0.013, 0.272)	0.048
		17	Weighted median	0.100 (-0.020, 0.220)	0.104
		17	Maximum likelihood	0.112 (0.023, 0.201)	0.013
	LVESV	17	IVW(re)	0.134 (0.045, 0.223)	0.003	0.599	0.989
		17	IVW(fe)	0.134 (0.045, 0.223)	0.003
		17	MR Egger	0.160 (0.030, 0.290)	0.029
		17	Weighted median	0.154 (0.046, 0.262)	0.005
		17	Maximum likelihood	0.135 (0.046, 0.224)	0.003
	LVM	17	IVW(re)	0.030 (-0.059, 0.119)	0.504	0.797	0.652
		17	IVW(fe)	0.030 (-0.059, 0.119)	0.504
		17	MR Egger	0.018 (-0.112, 0.148)	0.794
		17	Weighted median	0.066 (-0.056, 0.188)	0.287
		17	Maximum likelihood	0.031 (-0.058, 0.120)	0.500
	LVEF	17	IVW(re)	-0.067 (-0.156, 0.022)	0.141	0.757	0.760
		17	IVW(fe)	-0.067 (-0.156, 0.022)	0.141
		17	MR Egger	-0.082 (-0.213, 0.048)	0.235
		17	Weighted median	-0.094 (-0.208, 0.020)	0.107
		17	Maximum likelihood	-0.067 (-0.156, 0.022)	0.141