Table 2.
Operative characteristics and perioperative outcomes in patients according to method of pelvic lymph node surgery (open or robot-assisted approach)
| oPLND (n = 8) (2012–2016) |
rPLND (n = 14) (2017–2023) |
pa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Extent of surgery | 0.665 | ||
| PLND alone (no inguinal LND) | 37.5 (n = 3) | 28.6 (n = 4) | |
| Inguinal LND + PLND | 62.5 (n = 5) | 71.4 (n = 10) | |
| Total operative time, min | 0.335b | ||
| Median (IQR) | 174 (158–216) | 250 (160–303) | |
| Total pelvic dissection time, min | 0.836b | ||
| Median (IQR) | 130 (95.5–182) | 126 (97.8–161) | |
| Total groin dissection time, min* | 0.036b | ||
| Median (IQR) | 72 (69.5–103) | 112 (83–117) | |
| Length of inpatient stay, days† | 0.006b | ||
| Median (IQR) | 5.34 (3.77–6.94) | 1.98 (1.39–3.50) | |
| Complications, Clavien-Dindo score | 0.699c | ||
| 0 | 12.5 (n = 1) | 7.1 (n = 1) | |
| I | 12.5 (n = 1) | 35.7 (n = 5) | |
| II | 50.0 (n = 4) | 50.0 (n = 7) | |
| IIIa | 25.0 (n = 2) | 7.1 (n = 1) | |
| No. pelvic lymph nodes identified on pathology | 0.629b | ||
| Median (IQR) | 6.5 (6.0–12.5) | 6.0 (3.75–9.0) | |
| No. positive pelvic nodes | 0.729b | ||
| Median (IQR) | 1.5 (1.0–3.8) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | |
| Distribution of positive pelvic nodes | 0.667c | ||
| 0 | 12.5 (n = 1) | 7.1 (n = 1) | |
| 1 | 37.5 (n = 3) | 35.7 (n = 5) | |
| > 1 | 50.0 (n = 4) | 57.1 (n = 8) | |
| Total positive regional lymph nodes (pelvic + inguinal) | 0.821b | ||
| Median (IQR) | 2.5 (1.25–3.75) | 3.0 (1.0–7.0) | |
| Largest metastatic focus (mm) | 0.623b | ||
| Median (IQR) | 45.0 (25.0–72.0) | 30.0 (19.8–65.0) | |
| Missing | 0 | 3 | |
| Extracapsular spread | 0.965 | ||
| Present | 37.5 (n = 3) | 38.5 (n = 5) | |
| Absent | 62.5 (n = 5) | 61.5 (n = 8) | |
| Missing | 0 | 1 | |
| Time to adjuvant therapy, weeks | 0.018b | ||
| Median (IQR) | 11.6 (10.6–18.5) | 7.71 (6.29–10.4) | |
Values are percentages unless otherwise indicated. *Includes five patients in the oPLND group and ten patients in the rPLND group. †Excludes two hospital stays of 41 days and 21 days in rPLND group due to nonsurgical factors detailed in Results. aχ2 test; bunpaired t test; cχ2 for trend test