Table 2.
Cox regressions for factors affecting RFS, DMFS, OS, and MSS (only statistically significant results shown)a
| Univariate analyses | Multivariable analyses | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | Lower 95 % CI | Higher 95 % CI | p Value | Sig | HR | Lower 95 % CI | Higher 95 % CI | p Value | Sig | |
| A. RFS | ||||||||||
| Breslow subgroup (>4 mm) | 2.22 | 1.09 | 4.50 | 0.027 | * | 2.04 | 0.88 | 4.70 | 0.099 | NS |
| Mitotic Rate (per mm2) | 1.05 | 1.01 | 1.08 | 0.007 | ** | 1.04 | 1.00 | 1.09 | 0.049 | * |
| Mitotic rate Subgroup (>10) | 2.50 | 1.33 | 4.69 | 0.004 | ** | NA | ||||
| T stage | ||||||||||
| T3b (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| T4a | 1.70 | 0.76 | 3.83 | 0.198 | NS | NA | ||||
| T4b | 2.47 | 1.18 | 5.18 | 0.017 | * | NA | ||||
| TNM stage | 2.06 | 1.13 | 3.77 | 0.019 | * | NA | ||||
| NF1 | 0.41 | 0.19 | 0.88 | 0.022 | * | 0.53 | 0.24 | 1.23 | 0.108 | NS |
| KIT | 5.68 | 1.67 | 19.29 | 0.005 | ** | 6.01 | 1.56 | 23.1 | 0.009 | ** |
| B. DMFS | ||||||||||
| Primary location | ||||||||||
| Lower Extr (ref) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| Upper Extr | 1.08 | 0.37 | 3.15 | 0.892 | NS | 0.94 | 0.37 | 2.41 | 0.895 | NS |
| Trunk | 1.27 | 0.56 | 2.89 | 0.570 | NS | 1.00 | 0.52 | 1.94 | 0.999 | NS |
| Head and neck | 2.08 | 1.07 | 4.05 | 0.031 | * | 2.88 | 1.41 | 5.87 | 0.004 | ** |
| Mitotic rate Subgroup (>10) | 2.10 | 1.09 | 4.04 | 0.026 | * | 4.11 | 1.60 | 10.57 | 0.003 | ** |
| Lymphovascular invasion | 2.28 | 0.97 | 5.34 | 0.058 | † | NA | ||||
| KIT | 9.21 | 2.58 | 32.92 | <0.001 | *** | 13.07 | 3.04 | 56.10 | <0.001 | *** |
| CDH1 | 3.56 | 1.19 | 10.63 | 0.023 | * | 6.16 | 1.82 | 20.85 | 0.003 | ** |
| C. OS | ||||||||||
| Age at diagnosis | 1.06 | 1.01 | 1.11 | 0.023 | * | 1.08 | 1.02 | 1.15 | 0.014 | * |
| Mitotic rate (per mm2) | 1.06 | 1.00 | 1.12 | 0.041 | * | 1.09 | 1.01 | 1.16 | 0.022 | * |
| Mitotic rate Subgroup (>10) | 3.59 | 1.18 | 10.95 | 0.025 | * | NA | ||||
| TNM stage | 2.61 | 1.01 | 6.74 | 0.048 | * | 2.41 | 0.90 | 6.46 | 0.080 | NS |
| Primary location | ||||||||||
| Lower Extr (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Upper Extr | 3.74 | 0.41 | 33.86 | 0.241 | NS | 3.76 | 0.38 | 36.97 | 0.257 | NS |
| Trunk | 4.00 | 1.04 | 15.41 | 0.044 | * | 3.51 | 0.90 | 13.74 | 0.072 | NS |
| Head and neck | 1.80 | 0.59 | 5.49 | 0.305 | NS | 1.58 | 0.46 | 5.37 | 0.467 | NS |
| D. MSS | ||||||||||
| Age at diagnosis | 1.06 | 1.01 | 1.12 | 0.021 | * | 1.08 | 1.021 | 1.14 | 0.007 | * |
| Mitotic rate Subgroup (>10) | 3.05 | 1 | 9.49 | 0.049 | * | 1.07 | 1.01 | 1.14 | 0.021 | * |
Bold values indicate statistical significance (p values < 0.05)
RFS, relapse-free survival, DMFS, distant metastasis-free survival; OS, overall survival; MSS, melanoma-specific survival; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; Sig, significance; NS, nonsignificant; NA, not applicable; TNM, tumor-node-metastasis; Extr, extremity; NA, not available
aExcept for histopathologic factors, KIT and CDH1 mutations were associated with an earlier recurrence,specifically an earlier distant recurrence. The analysis included 92 patients for histopathologic and clinical factors and 65 patients for genetic factors (i.e., NF1, KIT, CDH1).
*p = 0.01–0.05; **p = 0.001–0.01; ***p < 0.001; †p = 0.05–0.06; NS, p > 0.05