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. 2023 Oct 16;76(1):712–719. doi: 10.1007/s12070-023-04259-2

Table 2.

Distribution of risk factors associated with the development of communication disorders

Prenatal (24%) Natal (48%) Postnatal (28%)
Maternal infections 24.04% Pre mature delivery 46.7%) High fever 58%
Toxin exposures and self-medication 11% Delayed birth cry 32.3% Ototoxicity and othertoxin exposure 12.6%
Bleeding 4.6% Hypoxia 27.8% Infections 37.06%
Accidents 2.34% Low birth weight (< 1500gm) 17.66% Seizure 32%
Poor health 3.6% Breech delivery 1.62% Acquired trauma 2.64%
Unsuccessful attempts of abortion 0.28% Neonatal jaundice 54% Admitted to NICU 36.67%
Neonatal seizure 33.4% Ear Discharge/ache 4.4%
Cranio-facial anomalies 2.4% Pathological jaundice 34%
Syndrome 1.03%
Other unspecified 2% Other unspecified 5.2%