Table 2.
Comparison of various parameters assessed in all three groups
| PARAMETER ASSESSED | Papilloma | Dysplasia | Invasive carcinoma | Comparison category | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tissue p 16 expression* (n = number of patients) | Positive (p16 score: number of patients) | 0 | 0 | 4 (1+: 1 case) | Papilloma vs. Carcinoma | 0.2 |
| Negative (p16 score: number of patients) |
12 (0: 3 cases 1+: 9 cases) |
5 (1+: 5 cases) | 2 (1+: 1 case 2+: 1 case) | |||
| Tissue VEGF expression** (n) | Positive | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | |
| Negative (score: number of patients) | 12 (0: 5, 1: 3, 2: 2, 3: 2) | 5 (1: 3, 2: 1, 3: 1) | 3 (1: 3) | |||
| Serum VEGF levels (pg/ml) | 117.16 | 167.5 | 179.44 | Papilloma vs. Dysplasia | 0.34 | |
| Papilloma vs. Carcinoma | 0.33 | |||||
| HPV DNA concentration (ng/µL) | 240.8 | 142.28 | 149.4 | Papilloma vs. Dysplasia | 0.23 | |
| Papilloma vs. Carcinoma | 0.45 | |||||
| Laryngeal subsites involved (n) | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | Papilloma vs. Dysplasia | 0.58 |
| > 2 | 8 | 4 | 2 | Papilloma vs. Carcinoma | 1 | |
| Tracheobronchial involvement (n) | Yes | 1 | 3 | 0 | Papilloma vs. Dysplasia | 0.022 |
| No | 11 | 2 | 3 | Papilloma vs. Carcinoma | 1 | |
| Mean age of onset of disease (years) | 11.5 | 10.6 | 34 | Papilloma vs. Dysplasia | 0.55 | |
| Papilloma vs. Carcinoma | 0.03 | |||||
| Type of HPV (n) | High Risk (HPV 16) | 5 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Low risk (HPV 6 and 11) | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Both high risk and low risk | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
| None detected | 5 | 3 | 1 | |||
* p16 immunostaining − 0: completely negative; 1+: staining in 1–29% of tumor cells; 2+: staining in 30–49% of tumor cells; 3+: staining in 50–69% of tumor cells; and 4+: staining in ≥ 70% of tumor cells (considered positive)
** Immunoreactive score (as described in methodology) – 0: No expression; 1–4: Weak expression; 5–6: Strong expression (considered positive)