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. 2023;24(12):4285–4292. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.12.4285

Table 2.

Comparison of Demographic Features among Patients with PVI, NPVI, and Controls

Variable Category Total HCC (Cases) Controls (n=90) p-value
PVI (n=68) NPVI (n=86)
Age Mean ± SD* 58.50 ± 12.79 56.44± 11.31 35.57± 7.63 <0.001
Gender# n (%) Male 189 59 (86.8) 70 (81.4) 60 (66.7) 0.006
Female 55 9 (13.2) 16 (18.6) 30 (33.3)
Tobacco usage# n (%) Yes 61 20 (29.4) 24 (27.9) 17 (18.9) 0.236
No 183 48 (70.6) 62 (72.1) 73 (81.1)
Alcohol Intake# n (%) Yes 75 26 (38.2) 37 (43) 12 (13.3) <0.001
No 168 42 (61.8) 49 (57) 78 (86.7)
Diabetic mellitus# n (%) Present 71 17 (25) 44 (51.2) 10 (11.1) <0.001
Absent 173 51 (75) 42 (48.8) 80 (88.9)
Hypertension# n(%) Present 45 18 (26.5) 19 (22.1) 8 (8.9) 0.01
Absent 199 50 (73.5) 67 (77.9) 82 (91.1)

*, Mean ±SD; # , Frequency and percentage; PVI, portal vein invasion; NPVI, non-portal vein invasion; SD, standard deviation; n, number;%, percentage; p-value<0.05statistically significant