Table 4. Forecasting results in all scenarios for the indices.
| Index | Scenario | Time step | RMSE | MAE | MAPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S&P500 | Scenario 1 | 5 | 6.9013 | 5.3612 | 4.9323 | 0.8046 |
| 10 | 7.4713 | 6.1221 | 5.4440 | 0.6666 | ||
| 15 | 7.3907 | 6.1057 | 5.0829 | 0.6903 | ||
| Scenario 2 | 5 | 6.1225 | 4.7923 | 2.2288 | 0.9431 | |
| 10 | 7.3718 | 6.2237 | 2.3221 | 0.7003 | ||
| 15 | 6.6946 | 5.8330 | 2.3448 | 0.8106 | ||
| Scenario 3 | 5 | 5.2491 | 4.1086 | 1.9110 | 0.9512 | |
| 10 | 6.3197 | 5.3354 | 1.9909 | 0.7431 | ||
| 15 | 5.7394 | 5.0007 | 2.0107 | 0.8376 | ||
| DAX | Scenario 1 | 5 | 18.6773 | 15.8175 | 9.2827 | 0.8370 |
| 10 | 23.4496 | 19.6941 | 11.2345 | 0.7256 | ||
| 15 | 22.8000 | 18.7486 | 11.2457 | 0.7123 | ||
| Scenario 2 | 5 | 13.6687 | 12.1355 | 3.7203 | 0.9728 | |
| 10 | 17.8461 | 15.5167 | 3.7956 | 0.9500 | ||
| 15 | 16.8262 | 14.0575 | 3.7117 | 0.9017 | ||
| Scenario 3 | 5 | 11.7707 | 10.4151 | 3.1193 | 0.9770 | |
| 10 | 15.2011 | 13.1796 | 3.1783 | 0.9581 | ||
| 15 | 14.3498 | 11.9659 | 3.1078 | 0.9179 | ||
| DJI | Scenario 1 | 5 | 64.1036 | 51.0375 | 4.6789 | 0.7963 |
| 10 | 76.7421 | 64.8978 | 4.6717 | 0.6458 | ||
| 15 | 69.6178 | 54.4051 | 4.7296 | 0.7835 | ||
| Scenario 2 | 5 | 29.1110 | 24.6261 | 5.7191 | 0.9346 | |
| 10 | 42.7217 | 37.2901 | 5.5960 | 0.7577 | ||
| 15 | 26.8920 | 22.7033 | 5.6887 | 0.9722 | ||
| Scenario 3 | 5 | 25.4506 | 21.5191 | 4.9036 | 0.9439 | |
| 10 | 37.0988 | 32.3404 | 4.7977 | 0.7923 | ||
| 15 | 23.4998 | 19.8059 | 4.8770 | 0.9761 | ||
| SSE | Scenario 1 | 5 | 9.3477 | 7.6544 | 3.3557 | 0.8116 |
| 10 | 9.7774 | 8.0523 | 3.3336 | 0.7564 | ||
| 15 | 12.6617 | 11.2470 | 3.4131 | 0.6840 | ||
| Scenario 2 | 5 | 8.4603 | 7.0721 | 3.2049 | 0.9430 | |
| 10 | 8.3467 | 7.0678 | 3.1801 | 0.9456 | ||
| 15 | 12.2441 | 11.3312 | 3.3860 | 0.8317 | ||
| Scenario 3 | 5 | 7.4032 | 6.1885 | 2.8059 | 0.9501 | |
| 10 | 7.3038 | 6.1847 | 2.7836 | 0.9524 | ||
| 15 | 10.7141 | 9.9153 | 2.9638 | 0.8528 |