| 1 |
Speed and security. |
The speed of drones can also pose a risk to public safety if they are operated at high speeds in densely populated areas |
a Blockchain Technology (BCT)-based approach to protecting the confidentiality of information collected by devices. To test the effectiveness of the proposed design, an IoT-based application has been integrated into a simulated vehicle monitoring system. |
Zekiye & Özkasap (2023)
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| 2 |
Secure communication channel. |
There is a need for a secure communication channel for UAVs in smart cities to protect against various security threats and ensure drones' safe and efficient operation. |
With its public and private key processes, Blockchain can serve as a secure communication channel among UAVs. |
Ghribi et al. (2020)
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| 3 |
Inventory management system. |
Drones have limited storage capacity, made transporting and stored large items challenging for inventory management purposes. |
A Blockchain-based inventory management system that uses UAVs to scan items equipped with RFID tags and then uploads that data to a Blockchain, where it is validated, and transparency is maintained. Smart contracts are utilized when doing business with third parties to facilitate the transaction. |
Cristiani et al. (2020)
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| 4 |
Global channel for communication. |
Global communication channels are necessary for UAVs in smart cities to ensure coordination, safety, and efficiency in air traffic management. |
Employing Blockchain as a worldwide communication platform, UAVs are equipped with the capacity to sign and send encoded data securely. It enables UAVs in the network to decide transparently by allowing them to consider the viewpoints of other UAV users. |
Kumar et al. (2021)
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| 5 |
Inter-service operation capabilities. |
UAVs collect vast amounts of data, but sharing that data between different services can be challenging. |
A trust agreement between vendors is built on Blockchain technology to facilitate inter-service activities, with each UAV operating as a node in the Blockchain. Because the record of services given by each vendor is stored on the Blockchain in an accessible and open way, this facilitates an environment of trust and confidence among all parties involved. |
Sharma, You & Kul (2017)
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| 6 |
Limited processing power and storage. |
The amount of storage and onboard processing power limits UAVs. These limitations can affect the performance and capabilities of the drone. |
A Blockchain-powered decentralized storage system in which UAVs that serve as air sensors pass their data to ground sensors and, in exchange, compensate the ground sensor with incentives dispersed via Blockchain for their storing and processing abilities. |
Zhu, Zheng & Wong (2019)
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| 7 |
Autonomous network security system. |
UAVs operate in the same frequency bands as other communication systems, which can lead to interference and disruption of normal operations. |
A Blockchain-based network for UAVs in which each UAV carries a copy of the onboard Blockchain. If command signals from the control center or other network UAVs are disrupted, UAVs can consult the data stored on Blockchains to determine their flight paths and action plans. |
Alkadi et al. (2022)
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| 8 |
Securely sending data to end users. |
Data transmitted between UAVs and end users can be intercepted by unauthorized parties, compromising its Security. |
Protecting the data gathering and transmission processes in an Internet of drone environment, the author used a public Blockchain based on Ethereum. It guarantees the data’s honesty, accountability, authorization, and privacy. |
Aggarwal et al. (2019)
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| 9 |
Blocking of the LoS. |
Blocking LoS is a common challenge in UAV communication in smart cities due to tall buildings, bridges, and other structures that can obstruct communication between the UAV and the ground station or end user. |
A Blockchain-based UAV traffic data exchange network is currently in development to facilitate the safe transfer of traffic data. Using Blockchain, it is possible to develop a double-block verification mechanism, rendering the system resistant to cyber-attacks and blockages in the Los. |
Chao et al. (2018)
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| 10 |
UAV surveillance network. |
UAV surveillance systems must protect individuals’ privacy and comply with relevant privacy regulations. |
Block-chain-based security strategies can identify suspicious occurrences in the surveillance data and fraudulent UAVs through a distributed trust management strategy. |
García-Magariño et al. (2019)
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| 11 |
UAV networks for edge computing. |
As the number of UAVs in a network increases, managing and coordinating communication and data processing among the devices becomes more challenging. |
An approach to providing ultra-reliability based on the Blockchain and neural networks and uses UAVs as on-demand nodes for caching objectives. |
Sharma et al. (2019)
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| 12. |
Limited battery issue. |
UAVs have a significant difficulty in the context of smart cities due to their limited battery life. |
A blockchain-based energy grid can store surplus energy generated from renewable sources, allowing for a decentralized energy management system |
Zekiye & Özkasap (2023)
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