Table 3.

Morpho-functional echocardiographic parameters of the study population according to glucose tolerance

Variables	All (n = 400)	NGT (n = 179)	IGT/IFG (n = 137)	T2DM(ND) (n = 84)	Pa
LVDD, cm dPW, cm LVM, g LVMI, g/m2 LVEF% GLS% TAPSE, mm PAPs, mmHg TAPSE/PAPS, mm/mmHg E, m/sec A, m/sec E/A E/e’ LAVI, ml/mq	5.1 ± 0.4 0.9 ± 0.1 183.5 ± 33.1 97.7 ± 16.7 60.0 ± 4.1 -19.5 ± 2.7 22.3 ± 2.6 29.4 ± 6.6 0.8 ± 0.2 0.7 ± 0.2 0.8 ± 0.2 0.9 ± 0.3 11.4 ± 2.8 31.2 ± 7.3	4.9 ± 0.4 0.9 ± 0.1 171.0 ± 31.0 91.2 ± 15.9 60.1 ± 4.1 -20.3 ± 2.7 23.0 ± 2.5 28.3 ± 6.9 0.9 ± 0.2 0.8 ± 0.2 0.8 ± 0.2 1.0 ± 0.3 10.6 ± 2.6 29.8 ± 7.1	5.1 ± 0.3 1.0 ± 0.1 188.0 ± 29.1 99.5 ± 13.8 60.0 ± 4.0 -19.1 ± 2.6 22.2 ± 2.6 29.9 ± 6.3 0.8 ± 0.2 0.7 ± 0.2 0.8 ± 0.2 0.9 ± 0.4 11.7 ± 2.6 31.7 ± 7.6	5.2 ± 0.4 1.0 ± 0.1 202.8 ± 33.1 108.4 ± 16.4 59.7 ± 4.1 -18.2 ± 2.5 21.1 ± 2.6 30.9 ± 7.0 0.7 ± 0.3 0.7 ± 0.1 0.9 ± 0.2 0.8 ± 0.2 12.8 ± 2.9 34.7 ± 6.3	< 0.0001∑ < 0.0001 < 0.0001§ < 0.0001@ 0.795 < 0.0001# < 0.0001 0.006 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0.066 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0.001Ω

LVDD = Left Ventricular diastolic diameter; dPW = diastolic posterior wall; LVM = Left Ventricular Mass; LVMI = Left ventricular Mass Index; LVEF = Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction; GLS = Global longitudinal strain; TAPSE = Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; s-PAP = systolic pulmonary arterial pressure; LAVI = left atrial volume index; E = Wave E; A = Wave A. Data are mean ± SD. ^a = Overall difference among groups (ANOVA)

Bonferroni post-hoc analysis:

@ NGT vs. IGT/IFG p < 0.0001, NGT vs. DM2 p < 0.0001, IGT/IFG vs. DM2 p < 0.0001

# NGT vs. IGT/IFG p < 0.0001, NGT vs. DM2 p < 0.0001, IGT/IFG vs. DM2 p = 0.043

Ω NGT vs. DM2 p < 0.0001

∑ NGT vs. IGT/IFG p < 0.0001

§ NGT vs. IGT/IFG p = 0.001, NGT vs. DM2 p = 0.001, IGT/IFG vs. DM2 p = 0.002