Table 2.
Demographic data, clinical and radiographic findings
| Variable | CNI (n = 30) | PIPS (n = 30) | Statistical test | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | Pearson Chi-square | 0.793 | ||
| Male | 17 (56.7%) | 18 (60%) | ||
| Female | 13 (43.3%) | 12 (40%) | ||
| Age (y) | Two sample t-test | 0.056 | ||
| Mean ± SD | 43.13 ± 11.55 | 37.8 ± 9.53 | ||
| Range | 26–67 | 22–56 | ||
| Tooth type | Pearson Chi-square | 1 | ||
| Non-molar | 13 | 14 | ||
|
Molar Dental arch |
17 | 16 | ||
| Maxilla | 18 | 19 | Pearson Chi-square | 1 |
| Mandible | 12 | 11 | ||
| Percussion | Pearson Chi-square | 1 | ||
| Tenderness | 15 | 15 | ||
| No tenderness | 15 | 15 | ||
| Palpation | Pearson Chi-square | 0.770 | ||
| Tenderness | 9 | 7 | ||
| No tenderness | 21 | 23 | ||
| Tooth mobility | Adjusted Pearson Chi-square | 1 | ||
| <I° | 26 | 27 | ||
| I-II° | 4 | 3 | ||
| Swelling | Adjusted Pearson Chi-square | 1 | ||
| Yes | 3 | 3 | ||
| No | 27 | 27 | ||
| Periodontal health | Pearson Chi-square | 0.791 | ||
| Normal | 15 | 15 | ||
|
Mild Periodontitis |
6 | 5 | ||
| Gingivitis | 9 | 10 | ||
| Fistula | Pearson Chi-square | 0.791 | ||
| Yes | 11 | 12 | ||
| No | 19 | 18 | ||
| Periapical index (PAI) | Pearson Chi-square | 0.935 | ||
| PAI 1–2 | 6 | 5 | ||
| PAI 3 | 13 | 13 | ||
| PAI 4–5 | 11 | 12 |
Abbreviations: CNI, conventional needle irrigation; PIPS, Photon-induced photoacoustic streaming
Group A, Standard endodontic manual irrigation; Group B, PIPS laser-activated irrigation