Table 2.
Knowledge, perception and treatment options of MIH. Univariate analysis between DS (Dental students) and DHS (Dental Hygiene students). Multivariate analysis for Gender (female/male), type of center (center of study public/private) and Group of studies.
Q#: Question number of questionnaire.
(*) Statistically significant at 95%.
| Univariate | Multivariate | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q# | KNOWLEDGE | DS = 134 n (%) |
DHS = 156 n (%) |
p value | Gender p value |
Type of Center p value |
Group of studies p value |
| Q5 | Have you heard of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH)? | ||||||
| -Yes | 130 (97%) | 88 (56.4%) | < 0.001* | 0.513 | 0.005* | 0.000* | |
| Q6 | Through what source/s have you heard about MIH? | ||||||
| -Scientific publications | 55 (41%) | 22 (14.1%) | < 0.001* | 0.495 | 0.258 | 0.000* | |
| -Master classes | 103 (76.9%) | 45 (28.8%) | < 0.001* | 0.239 | 0.002* | 0.000* | |
| -Conferences and/or courses | 33 (24.6%) | 10 (6.4%) | < 0.001* | 0.272 | 0.268 | 0.001* | |
| -Information brochures | 7 (5.2%) | 4 (2.6%) | 0.237 | 0.394 | 0.226 | 0.280 | |
| -Internet | 52 (38.8%) | 37 (23.7%) | 0.005* | 0.567 | 0.445 | 0.006* | |
| -Textbooks | 49 (36.6%) | 23 (14.7%) | < 0.001* | 0.505 | 0.693 | 0.000* | |
| -Clinical practice | 93 (69.4%) | 22 (14.1%) | < 0.001* | 0.773 | 0.760 | 0.000* | |
| -Others | 38 (28.4%) | 26 (16.7%) | 0.017* | 0.217 | 0.872 | 0.083 | |
| Q7 | Do you know the clinical features of MIH? | ||||||
| -Yes | 127 (94.8%) | 73 (46.8%) | < 0.001* | 0.114 | 0.026* | 0.000* | |
| Q8 | Which teeth do you think are most frequently affected? | ||||||
| -Permanent first molars and permanent incisors | 106 (79.1%) | 81 (51.9%) | < 0.001* | 0.762 | 0.564 | 0.000* | |
| -Permanent first molars and incisors and temporary second molars | 25 (18.7%) | 37 (23.7%) | 0.295 | 0.511 | 0.002* | 0.106 | |
| -I do not know/not sure | 4 (3%) | 43 (27.6%) | < 0.001* | 0.112 | 0.010* | 0.000* | |
| Q9 | Do you have difficulty distinguishing the MIH lesion from other lesions or malformations of dental tissues? | ||||||
| -Yes | 64 (47.8%) | 102 (65.4%) | 0.002* | 0.617 | 0.120 | 0.005* | |
| Q10 | With which ones do you have difficulty distinguishing MIH? | ||||||
| -Dental fluorosis | 21 (15.7%) | 34 (20.7%) | 0.185 | 0.243 | 0.829 | 0.313 | |
| -Enamel hypoplasia | 66 (49.3%) | 43 (27.6%) | < 0.001* | 0.885 | 0.483 | 0.000* | |
| -Amelogenesis imperfecta | 39 (29.1%) | 27 (17.3%) | 0.017* | 0.526 | 0.855 | 0.072 | |
| -Dentinogenesis imperfecta | 13 (9.7%) | 13 (8.3%) | 0.684 | 0.690 | 0.378 | 0.851 | |
| -Caries | 15 (11.2%) | 4 (2.6%) | 0.003* | 0.924 | 0.233 | 0.020* | |
| -Other | 3 (2.2%) | 24 (15.4%) | < 0.001* | 0.421 | 0.487 | 0.010* | |
| Q11 | What factors do you think are involved in the etiology of MIH? | ||||||
| -Genetic factors | 98 (73.1%) | 99 (63.5%) | 0.078 | 0.181 | 0.689 | 0.166 | |
| -Chronic diseases of the mother during pregnancy | 61 (45.5%) | 34 (21.8%) | < 0.001* | 0.076 | 0.855 | 0.000* | |
| -Chronic diseases in the child | 42 (31.3%) | 30 (19.2%) | 0.017* | 0.115 | 0.060 | 0.001* | |
| -Antibiotics/drugs taken by the mother during pregnancy | 52 (38.8%) | 40 (25.6%) | 0.016* | 0.467 | 0.282 | 0.047* | |
| - Antibiotics/drugs taken by the child | 27 (20.1%) | 23 (14.7%) | 0.224 | 0.490 | 0.890 | 0.074 | |
| -Environmental pollutants | 34 (25.4%) | 15 (9.6%) | 0.001* | 0.178 | 0.037* | 0.005* | |
| -Acute illnesses affecting the mother during pregnancy | 64 (47.8%) | 31 (19.9%) | < 0.001* | 0.587 | 0.479 | 0.000* | |
| - Acute illnesses affecting the child | 45 (33.6%) | 17 (10.9%) | < 0.001* | 0.199 | 0.985 | 0.000* | |
| -Exposure to fluoride | 8 (6%) | 26 (16.7%) | 0.005* | 0.725 | 0.209 | 0.047* | |
| -None | 2 (1.5%) | 2 (1.3%) | 0.878 | 0.998 | 0.288 | 0.837 | |
| -Other | 5 (3.7%) | 21 (13.5%) | 0.004* | 0.815 | 0.908 | 0.015* | |
| Q12 | What do you think is the prevalence of MIH in Spain? | ||||||
| < 5% | 9 (6.7%) | 7 (4.5%) | 0.407 | 0.016* | 0.426 | 0.792 | |
| 5–10% | 39 (29.1%) | 38 (24.4%) | 0.362 | 0.039* | 0.394 | 0.043* | |
| 10–20% | 37 (27.6%) | 32 (20.5%) | 0.157 | 0.212 | 0.001* | 0.347 | |
| > 20% | 18 (13.4%) | 4 (2.6%) | < 0.001* | 0.632 | 0.887 | 0.002* | |
| Not sure | 36 (26.9%) | 73 (46.8%) | < 0.001* | 0.413 | 0.067 | 0.007* | |
| Q13 | Do you think the pattern of caries in teeth with MIH is different from the pattern of normal caries? | ||||||
| Yes | 105 (78.4%) | 83 (53.2%) | < 0.001* | 0.636 | 0.072 | 0.000* | |
| No | 22 (16.4%) | 18 (11.5%) | 0.230 | 0.286 | 0.823 | 0.030* | |
| Not sure | 7 (5.2%) | 52 (33.3%) | < 0.001* | 0.486 | 0.171 | 0.000* | |
| Q14 | How confident do you feel about diagnosing a tooth with MIH? | ||||||
| -Confident | 84 (62.7%) | 37 (23.7%) | < 0.001* | 0.228 | 0.449 | 0.000* | |
| Q15 | Would you like to receive more training on MIH in your career/training content? | ||||||
| Yes | 111 (82.8%) | 132 (84.6%) | 0.682 | 0.746 | 0.269 | 0.944 | |
| Q16 | On what aspects of MIH do you think you need to complete your training? | ||||||
| -Diagnosis | 72 (53.7%) | 93 (59.6%) | 0.313 | 0.906 | 0.492 | 0.299 | |
| -Etiology | 44 (32.8%) | 81 (51.9%) | 0.001* | 0.964 | 0.689 | 0.020* | |
| -Treatment | 83 (61.9%) | 83 (53.2%) | 0.134 | 0.408 | 0.846 | 0.635 | |
| Others: prevention, long-term prognosis, etc. | 61 (45.5%) | 90 (57.7%) | 0.039* | 0.910 | 0.833 | 0.081 | |
| TREATMENT OPTIONS | |||||||
| NONOPERATIVE AND OPERATIVE | |||||||
| Q17 | What preventive (nonoperative) treatment would you apply to MIH lesions without enamel fracture? | ||||||
| -Dental mousse with Recaldent | 16 (11.9%) | 19 (12.2%) | 0.950 | 0.910 | 0.052 | 0.471 | |
| -Dental mousse with Recaldent and fluoride | 72(53.7%) | 24 (15.4%) | < 0.001* | 0.172 | 0.968 | 0.000* | |
| -Professional application of high concentration fluoride varnish (22.600 ppm) | 94 (70.1%) | 47 (30.1%) | < 0.001* | 0.492 | 0.152 | 0.000* | |
| -Professional application of chlorhexidine varnish. | 3 (2.2%) | 12 (7.7%) | 0.037* | 0.620 | 0.363 | 0.994 | |
| -Sealing of pits and fissures. | 49 (36.6%) | 36 (23.1%) | 0.012* | 0.711 | 0.792 | 0.008* | |
| -Application of silver diamine fluoride. | 10 (7.5%) | 9 (5.8%) | 0.561 | 0.093 | 0.036* | 0.970 | |
| -Others. | 3 (2.2%) | 18 (11.5%) | 0.002* | 0.261 | 0.295 | 0.149 | |
| Q18 | What operative treatment would you apply to teeth affected by MIH with enamel fracture? | ||||||
| -Microabrasion | 8 (6%) | 11 (7.1%) | 0.711 | 0.629 | 0.354 | 0.372 | |
| -Resin infiltration. | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0.353 | -- | -- | -- | |
| -Conventional glass ionomer | 33 (24.6%) | 31 (19.9%) | 0.330 | 0.790 | 0.107 | 0.086 | |
| -Resin-modified glass ionomer | 63 (47%) | 74 (47.4%) | 0.943 | 0.543 | 0.669 | 0.750 | |
| -Composite filling | 66 (49.3%) | 70 (44.9%) | 0.456 | 0.568 | 0.011* | 0.032* | |
| -Silver amalgam filling | 1 (0.7%) | 3 (1.9%) | 0.392 | -- | -- | -- | |
| -Preformed crowns | 37 (27.6%) | 45 (28.8%) | 0.816 | 0.810 | 0.112 | 0.026* | |
| -Extraction | 8 (6%) | 5 (3.2%) | 0.257 | 0.904 | 0.228 | 0.236 | |