Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients with EC/KP BSIs, Stratified by ESBL Production
| Variable Parameter/Category | Comparison Before PSM | Comparison After PSM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-ESBL (n=152) | ESBL (n=166) | p | Non-ESBL (n=121) | ESBL (n=121) | p | |
| Male, n (%) | 75(49.3%) | 104(62.7%) | 0.017 | 58(47.9%) | 66(54.5%) | 0.304 |
| EC, n (%) | 93(61.2%) | 109(65.7%) | 0.407 | 90(74.4%) | 88(72.7%) | 0.771 |
| KP, n (%) | 59(38.8%) | 57(34.3%) | 0.407 | 31(25.6%) | 33 (27.3%) | 0.771 |
| Age in years, [M(Q1, Q3)] | 56.5(46,68.8) | 63 (50,71) | 0.064 | 57(48,69) | 60(49,71) | 0.523 |
| Nosocomial bacteremia, n (%) | 61(40.1%) | 59(35.5%) | 0.399 | 51(42.1%) | 48(39.7%) | 0.695 |
| Organ transplantation, n (%) | 2(1.3%) | 10(6%) | 0.028 | 1(0.8%) | 5(4.1%) | 0.098 |
| LOS hospital length of stay (LOS) | ||||||
| Total LOS (M, IQR) | 15(10,26.75) | 21(11,35) | 0.003 | 14(10,22.5) | 18(11,28.5) | 0.020 |
| LOS before the bacteremia, [d, M(Q1, Q3)] | 4(1,12) | 5(1,15) | <0.001 | 4(1,12) | 4(1,10) | 0.348 |
| LOS after the bacteremia, [d, M(Q1, Q3)] | 9(6,14) | 13(7,21) | 0.007 | 9(6,13) | 12(7.5,19.5) | <0.001 |
| ICU admission before the bacteremia, n (%) | 11(7.2%) | 33(19.9%) | 0.001 | 11(9.1%) | 7(5.8%) | 0.327 |
| APACHE score, [M(Q1, Q3)] | 10(7,13) | 12(7,19.25) | 0.001 | 10(7,13) | 10(7,15) | 0.223 |
| Sofa score, [M(Q1, Q3)] | 1(0,4) | 3(0,7) | 0.004 | 2(0,4) | 2(0,4.5) | 0.399 |
| Comorbid illnesses | ||||||
| Malignant tumor, n (%) | 55 (36.2%) | 44 (26.5%) | 0.063 | 39(32.2%) | 25(20.7%) | 0.041 |
| Hepatobiliary disease, n (%) | 22 (14.5%) | 38 (22.9%) | 0.055 | 20(16.5%) | 32(26.4%) | 0.06 |
| Leukemia n (%) | 18 (11.8%) | 13 (7.8%) | 0.228 | 15(12.4%) | 11(9.1%) | 0.406 |
| Lymphoma, n (%) | 10 (6.6%) | 8 (4.8%) | 0.498 | 6(5.0%) | 6(5.0%) | 0.999 |
| Kidney disease, n (%) | 10 (6.6%) | 26 (15.7%) | 0.011 | 10(8.3%) | 21(17.4%) | 0.034 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 22 (14.5%) | 28 (16.9%) | 0.558 | 18(14.9%) | 22(18.2%) | 0.489 |
| COPD, n (%) | 11 (7.2%) | 16 (9.6%) | 0.331 | 7(5.8%) | 11(9.1%) | 0.327 |
| Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, n (%) | 21 (13.8%) | 27 (16.2%) | 0.542 | 16(13.2%) | 15(12.4%) | 0.94 |
| Peptic ulcer, n (%) | 9 (5.9%) | 7 (4.2%) | 0.487 | 6(5.0%) | 6(5.0%) | 0.999 |
| Rheumatism disease, n (%) | 13 (8.6%) | 15(9%) | 0.879 | 11(9.1%) | 10(8.3%) | 0.819 |
| Other, n (%) | 1 (0.7%) | 5(3%) | 0.123 | 1(0.8%) | 3(2.5%) | 0.313 |
| aCCI [M(Q1, Q3)] | 4(2,6) | 4(3,6) | 0.232 | 4(2,6) | 4(2,6) | 0.419 |
| Empirical antimicrobial | ||||||
| Cephalosporins, n (%) | 22(14.5%) | 25(15.1%) | 0.883 | 17(14%) | 23(19%) | 0.299 |
| BLBLI, n (%) | 70(46.1%) | 76(45.8%) | 0.962 | 54(44.6%) | 50(41.3%) | 0.603 |
| Carbapenems, n (%) | 63(41.4%) | 88(53%) | 0.039 | 46(38.0%) | 57(47.1%) | 0.153 |
| Aminoglycosides, n (%) | 8(5.3%) | 10(6%) | 0.769 | 6(5.0%) | 5(4.1%) | 0.758 |
| Fluoroquinolone, n (%) | 22(14.5%) | 18(10.8%) | 0.329 | 14(11.6%) | 14(11.6%) | 0.999 |
| Glycopeptides &Tigecycline, n (%) | 25+1(17.1%) | 27+2(17.5%) | 0.932 | 16+1(14.0%) | 13+1(11.6%) | 0.564 |
| Antifungal drug, n (%) | 26(17.1) | 30(18.1%) | 0.821 | 17(14.0%) | 14(11.6%) | 0.564 |
| Other, n (%) | 18(11.8%) | 19(11.4%) | 0.924 | 14(11.6%) | 7(5.8%) | 0.110 |
| Effective empirical antimicrobial therapy, n (%) | 122(80.3%) | 97(58.4%) | <0.001 | 96(79.3%) | 72(59.5%) | 0.001 |
| Mortality | ||||||
| Total mortality, n (%) | 27(17.8%) | 45(27.1%) | 0.047 | 23(19.0%) | 25(20.7%) | 0.747 |
| 28-day mortality, n (%) | 15(9.9%) | 21(12.6%) | 0.434 | 12(9.9%) | 12(9.9%) | 0.999 |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 12(7.9%) | 24(14.5%) | 0.065 | 11(9.1%) | 13(10.7%) | 0.667 |
Notes: Bold P-values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level.
Abbreviations: ICU, Intensive care unit; aCCI, Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity test; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Q, quartile; LOS, Length of hospital stay; BSI, Bloodstream infection; BLBLI, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor; IQR, Interquartile range; P, p-value for the t-test or χ²-tests. PSM, Propensity score matching; N, Number of observations; d, days; M, mean; Q1, 25th percentile; Q3, 75th percentile.