Table I.

Halicin remains active against Staphylococcus aureus-Xen36 biofilms grown on orthopaedically relevant substrates. Minimal biofilm eradication concentrations from colony-forming unit assays are reported as fold change versus the planktonic minimal inhibitory concentrations, which we previously reported for this strain of S. aureus.¹⁸

Substrate	Less mature 24-hour biofilms MBECs (fold change vs MIC)		More mature 7-day biofilms MBECs (fold change vs MIC)
	Halicin	Vancomycin	Halicin	Vancomycin
Ti6Al4V	10× MIC	100× MIC	20× MIC	400× MIC
Cobalt-chrome	10× MIC	200× MIC	10× MIC	100× MIC
UHMWPE	10× MIC	100× MIC	40× MIC	200× MIC
Muscle	40× MIC	50× MIC	40× MIC	100× MIC
Bone	40× MIC	100× MIC	40× MIC	200× MIC

p-values determined by Mann-Whitney U test were < 0.01, comparing MBECS for halicin to MBECs for vancomycin for both 24-hour and seven-day biofilms.

MBEC, minimum biofilm eradication concentration; MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration; UHMWPE, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.