TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study cohort, stratified by presence of CAC.
| Total | CAC = 0 | CAC >0 | p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 120 | N = 55 | N = 65 | ||
| Age (years) | 47 (32–58) | 32 (24–45) | 54 (48–61) | <.001 |
| Sex (% males) | 78 [65%] | 34 [62%] | 44 [68%] | .501 |
| Presence of DM | 11 [9%] | 1 [2%] | 10 [15%] | .010 |
| Dialysis | 79 [66%] | 35 [64%] | 44 [68%] | .641 |
| Weight (kg) | 74 (63–83) | 71 (61–81) | 77 (68–85) | .010 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 (22.3–26.4) | 23.1 (21.0–25.1) | 25.2 (23.5–27.8) | <.001 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 1.0 (0.5–2.2) | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | 1.2 (0.6–3.1) | <.001 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 35 (33–38) | 35 (33–39) | 35 (32–38) | .608 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | 1.2 (1.0–1.8) | 1.4 (0.9–1.8) | .752 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.3 (3.7–5.0) | 4.3 (3.8–4.9) | 4.3 (3.6–5.1) | .660 |
| HDL‐cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.4 (1.1–1.6) | 1.4 (1.1–1.6) | 1.4 (1.0–1.6) | .763 |
| SAF (AU) | 3.1 (2.6–3.5) | 2.9 (2.4–3.1) | 4.3 (2.9–3.8) | <.001 |
| 8‐OHdG (mg/mL) | 0.17 (0.12–0.27) | 0.16 (0.12–0.24) | 0.18 (0.12–0.31) | .435 |
| CAC score (HU) | 3 (0–184) | – | 152 (14–970) | – |
Note: Data are presented as median (interquartile range) for continuous measures, N [percentage] for categorical measures. Differences between strata were assessed using non‐parametric Mann–Whitney U test for continuous parameters or chi‐squared test for categorical variables. Significant p‐values (p < .05) are depicted in bold. Missing values: Weight = 2; BMI = 2; hsCRP = 2; albumin = 2; SAF = 16; 8‐OHdG = 68.
Abbreviations: 8‐OHdG, 8‐hydroxyguanosine; BMI, body mass index; CAC, coronary artery calcium; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; hsCRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; PAG, phenylacetylglutamine; SAF, skin autofluorescence; TMAO, trimethylamine N‐oxide.