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. 2023 Mar 21;18(7):e13029. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.13029

TABLE 2.

Activity and diet behaviours in summer holidays relative to school time. a

School Summer holidays Mixed‐effects model β (95% CI) p‐value
Mean SD Min Max Mean SD Min Max
MARCA b (n = 133)
Domestic/social 61 42 1 228 105 95 0 480 45 (30, 59) 0.000*
Screen 186 96 20 517 259 141 0 713 73 (51, 94) 0.000*
School‐related 218 94 3 423 53 67 0 393 −165 (−181, −149) 0.000*
Self‐care 107 20 65 171 130 38 35 230 23 (16, 30) 0.000*
Passive transport 37 23 0 143 59 74 0 725 22 (9, 35) 0.001*
Quiet time 60 29 16 184 76 74 0 325 16 (3, 29) 0.016*
Physical activity 148 60 36 370 131 100 0 480 −17 (−35, 0.9) 0.063
Sleep 627 87 388 857 623 52 430 1140 4 (−12, 20) 0.648
GENEActiv c (n = 133)
Sleep 563 28 503 632 550 42 442 644 −13 (−19, −7) 0.000*
Sedentary 513 69 354 741 540 96 352 823 27 (15, 39) 0.000*
LPA 288 50 152 418 284 75 118 484 −3 (−12, 6) 0.481
MVPA 79 28 29 154 68 44 3 306 −12 (−19, −5) 0.001*
Total counts 272 219 45 306 162 125 38 495 235 729 50 244 117 370 378 212 −36 491 (−43 834, −29 148) 0.000*
Diet d (n = 128)
Energy (kJ) 8142 1725 4576 16 741 8205 2628 3821 17 705 64 (−416 544) 0.794
Protein (g) 77 24 38 231 76 27 19 156 −0.8 (−6, 5) 0.771
Total fat (g) 74 20 19 147 79 33 23 205 5 (−1, 12) 0.098
Carbohydrate (g) 234 53 127 480 228 77 100 512 −6 (−19, 8) 0.399
Fruit (# of serves) 2 1 0 5 1 1 0 8 −0.4 (−0.7, −0.2) 0.000*
Vegetables and legumes (# of serves) 3 2 0 11 2 2 0 11 −0.5 (−0.9, −0.1) 0.018
Grains (# of serves) 4 2 1 17 4 2 0 11 −0.4 (−0.9, 0.1) 0.122
Meats and alternatives (# of serves) 1 1 0 6 1 1 0 5 −0.07 (−0.3, 0.2) 0.554
Dairy (# of serves) 1 1 0.1 4 1 1 0 6 −0.05 (−0.3, 0.2) 0.657
Discretionary choices (# of serves) 5 2 0.5 14 6 4 0 22 0.6 (−0.1, 1.4) 0.097
Diet quality (/score 100) 39 9 14 59 35 13 0 70 −4 (−6, −2) 0.000*

Note: Bold text denotes statistical significance p < 0.05, with * denoting statistical significance after Holm–Bonferroni adjustment was applied. Activity values are in minutes per day, except for counts. Analyses adjusted for the nested sample design (observations nested within participants, within schools and within waves).

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; LPA, light‐intensity physical activity; MARCA, Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adolescents; MVPA, moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity; SEP, socioeconomic position.

a

The comparator is the in school value.

b

Participants with complete MARCA data for holiday and in‐school measurements, sex, BMI, SEP (composite measure) and pubertal status.

c

Participants with complete GENE data for holiday and in‐school measurements, sex, BMI, SEP and pubertal status.

d

Participants with complete diet data for holiday and in‐school measurements, sex, BMI, SEP and pubertal status.