TABLE 2.
Sociodemographic and Spending Characteristics of Part D Beneficiaries Taking the First 10 Drugs Facing Price Negotiations Compared With All Other Part D Beneficiaries (2020)
| Beneficiaries taking drugs being negotiated | All Part D beneficiaries not taking drugs that will be negotiated | P value (beneficiaries taking negotiated drugs compared with beneficiaries taking nonnegotiated drugs) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | LIS | Non-LIS | |||
| Mean age (SD) | 73.9 (10.5) | 69.9 (12.7) | 76.2 (8.3) | 71.4 (11.2) | <0.01 |
| Sex, % | |||||
| Female | 52.2 | 59.7 | 48.0 | 57.7 | <0.01 |
| Male | 47.8 | 40.3 | 52.0 | 42.3 | <0.01 |
| Race, % | |||||
| White | 78.2 | 61.1 | 87.7 | 78.2 | NS |
| Black | 11.8 | 20.9 | 6.6 | 10.8 | <0.01 |
| Othera | 10.0 | 18.0 | 5.6 | 11.0 | <0.01 |
| Zip code median household income, % | |||||
| <$25,000 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.5 | <0.01 |
| $25,000 - <$50,000 | 26.5 | 37.9 | 20.2 | 24.0 | <0.01 |
| $50,000 - <$75,000 | 41.5 | 40.7 | 41.9 | 41.1 | <0.01 |
| $75,000 - <$100,000 | 18.8 | 13.3 | 21.8 | 20.0 | <0.01 |
| ≥$100,000 | 12.0 | 6.9 | 14.9 | 13.4 | <0.01 |
| Type of locality, % | |||||
| Urban | 80.2 | 78.7 | 81.0 | 81.1 | <0.01 |
| Suburban | 16.1 | 17.6 | 15.3 | 15.3 | <0.01 |
| Rural | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.7 | <0.01 |
| Mean number of comorbidities per beneficiary (SD) | 3.9 (4) | 4.4 (4.3) | 3.6 (3.9) | 2.2 (2.9) | <0.01 |
| Medicare Advantage, % | 50.3 | 51.6 | 49.6 | 52.2 | <0.01 |
| Mean (median) annual Medicare spending per beneficiaryb | |||||
| Medicare Part D | $11,376 ($6,552) | $14,417 ($8,439) | $9,715 ($6,074) | $3,204 ($555) | <0.01 |
| Hospital | $10,099 ($0) | $13,548 ($0) | $8,258 ($0) | $3,327 ($0) | <0.01 |
| Outpatient | $12,043 ($5,349) | $13,909 ($6,372) | $11,048 ($4,912) | $5,948 ($1,932) | <0.01 |
| Totalc | $33,882 ($18,251) | $42,091 ($24,515) | $29,501 ($15,581) | $12,366 ($3,429) | <0.01 |
| Mean (median) Part D annual out-of-pocket costsd | $813 (307) | $115 (59) | $1,475 (1,204) | $441 (160) | <0.01 |
a Other includes Hispanic, Asian, North American Native, Other, and Unknown racial categories.
b Medicare program spending only. Hospital, outpatient, and total costs exclude beneficiaries with Medicare Advantage, for whom that spending data are not available. Medians are shown instead of SDs because of right-tailed distribution.
c These totals exclude skilled nursing facility and durable medical equipment spending.
d Represents total annual Part D out-of-pocket spending on any drug claims for beneficiaries using a negotiated or nonnegotiated drug.
LIS = low-income subsidy; NS = not significant.