Table 6.
Knowledge sources for (possible) causes of internal texture.
| (Possible) cause | Models | Ref. | Complexity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Molecular level | |||
| Pectin chemistry | Kinetic model | Verlinden and De Baerdemaeker (1997) | + |
| PME activity | Kinetic model | Moens et al. (2021), van Dijk and Tijskens (2003) | + |
| Syneresis | WHC model/Flory Rehner | Van der Sman et al. (2013) | ++ |
| Starch gelatinization | Flory-Huggins | Van der Sman and Meinders (2011) | + |
| Starch retrogradation | Lauritzen-Hoffman | Farhat et al. (2000) | + |
| Cellular level | |||
| Cell swelling | hyperelastic model | Van der Sman (2015b) | ++ |
| Cell separation | FEM/SPH-DEM | Paul Van Liedekerke et al. (2010), (2011), Mihai et al. (2018) | ++++ |
| Cell wall strength/stress | Cell model | Van der Sman (2015b) | ++ |
| Starch swelling | Cell model | Van der Sman and Meinders (2011) | ++ |
| Microstructural level | |||
| Core structure | Multiscale | – | ++++ |
| Ice formation | Phase field | Van Der Sman (2016) | +++ |
| Tissue Damage | Multiscale | – | ++++ |
| Core level | |||
| Damage/fractures | Continuum/Multiphase | Jin and van der Sman (2022) | +++ |
| Heat/Mass transfer | Continuum/Multiphase | Gulati and Datta (2015) | ++ |