FIGURE 7.

SPAK‐NKCC1 complex inhibition attenuates increment of cytotoxic astrocytes and increases homeostatic astrocytes in the BCAS mouse brains. (A) ZT‐1a‐treated mice exhibit decreased expressions of C3d protein in GFAP⁺ astrocytes in CC compared to Veh‐treated mice at 5 weeks after BCAS. Bar graphs show quantitative analyses of C3d fluorescence intensity, C3d⁺GFAP⁺ cells (% of total cells), and C3d⁺ cells (% of GFAP⁺ cells). Data are mean ± SEM; one‐way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test; n = 3–4; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. (B) ZT‐1a treatment increases S100A10⁺ homeostatic astrocytes in CC compared to vehicle‐treated mice at 5 weeks after BCAS. Bar graphs represent quantitative analyses of S100A10 fluorescence intensity, S100A10⁺GFAP⁺ cells (% of total cells), and S100A10⁺ cells (% of GFAP⁺ cells). Data are mean ± SEM; one‐way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test; n = 3–4; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.