Table 2.
Visit-level associations between CGM billing code and rurality of home address
| Visit type | OR of CGM use for patient visits (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CGM+ | CGM− | Unadjusted | P value | Adjusted* | P value† | |
| Rurality | ||||||
| Urban | 3,828 (70.0) | 5,480 (67.2) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Large rural town | 1,206 (22.0) | 1,701 (21.0) | 1.05 (0.88–1.25) | 0.618 | 1.07 (0.90–1.29) | 0.444 |
| Small rural town | 344 (6.3) | 702 (8.6) | 0.73 (0.55–0.98) | 0.033 | 0.69 (0.51–0.94) | 0.018 |
| Isolated small rural town | 107 (2.0) | 277 (3.4) | 0.57 (0.34–0.97) | 0.037 | 0.51 (0.28–0.92) | 0.025 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 2,661 (48.5) | 3,765 (46.1) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Male | 2,824 (51.5) | 4,395 (53.9) | 0.91 (0.79–1.06) | 0.234 | 0.87 (0.75–1.02) | 0.082 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 4,657 (84.9) | 6,094 (74.7) | Reference | <0.001 | Reference | <0.001 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 271 (5.9) | 1,128 (13.8) | 0.32 (0.24–0.42) | 0.48 (0.35–0.65) | ||
| Hispanic | 100 (1.8) | 308 (3.8) | 0.47 (0.28–0.80) | 0.54 (0.33–0.86) | ||
| Other | 457 (8.3) | 630 (7.7) | 0.86 (0.65–1.13) | 0.64 (0.48–0.85) | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 15.0 (4.4) | 16.7 (4.0) | 0.92 (0.90–0.93) | <0.001 | 0.93 (0.92–0.95) | <0.001 |
| Insurance type | ||||||
| Commercial | 4,404 (80.3) | 5143 (63.0) | Reference | <0.001 | Reference | <0.001 |
| Medicaid | 1,081 (19.7) | 3017 (37.0) | 0.44 (0.38–0.52) | 0.58 (0.48–0.69) | ||
| Visit year | ||||||
| 2018 | 744 (13.3) | 2993 (36.7) | Reference | <0.001 | Reference | <0.001 |
| 2019 | 1,545 (27.8) | 2316 (28.4) | 2.65 (2.37–2.96) | 2.79 (2.47–3.14) | ||
| 2020 | 1,232 (22.1) | 1382 (16.9) | 3.51 (3.08–4.01) | 3.78 (3.29–4.36) | ||
| 2021 | 1,964 (35.2) | 1469 (18.0) | 5.43 (4.75–6.61) | 6.04 (5.21–7.00) | ||
| HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 8.0 (1.4) | 9.3 (2.2) | 0.68 (0.65–0.70) | <0.001 | 0.72 (0.69–0.74) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as n (%), unless indicated otherwise.
*
Adjusted for sex, age, child race/ethnicity, HbA1c, private vs. public insurance, and visit year.
†
Grouped test evaluating equivalence in ORs over all groups except primary exposure.