Table 1.
Patient baseline characteristics according to insulin resistance at baseline
| eGDR at baseline | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| eGDR <median | eGDR ≥median | |||
| Baseline characteristic | Finerenone (N = 3,247) | Placebo (N = 3,237) | Finerenone (N = 3,238) | Placebo (N = 3,242) |
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 64.5 ± 9.0 | 64.6 ± 9.2 | 64.9 ± 9.8 | 65.0 ± 10.1 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Female | 926 (28.5) | 897 (27.7) | 1,096 (33.8) | 992 (30.6) |
| Male | 2,321 (71.5) | 2,340 (72.3) | 2,142 (66.2) | 2,250 (69.4) |
| Race and ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| White | 2,611 (80.4) | 2,600 (80.3) | 1,810 (55.9) | 1,801 (55.6) |
| Black/African American | 149 (4.6) | 175 (5.4) | 102 (3.2) | 93 (2.9) |
| Asian | 298 (9.2) | 309 (9.5) | 1,133 (35.0) | 1,147 (35.4) |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 67 (2.1) | 51 (1.6) | 82 (2.5) | 94 (2.9) |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 19 (0.6) | 13 (0.4) | 9 (0.3) | 8 (0.2) |
| Multiple races | 92 (2.8) | 78 (2.4) | 95 (2.9) | 93 (2.9) |
| SBP, mmHg, mean ± SD | 138.5 ± 14.0 | 138.1 ± 13.9 | 135.1 ± 14.1 | 135.3 ± 14.5 |
| DBP, mmHg, mean ± SD | 77.0 ± 9.6 | 77.0 ± 9.6 | 75.7 ± 9.6 | 75.8 ± 9.6 |
| HbA1c, % (mmol/mol), mean ± SD | 8.2 (66) ± 1.4 | 8.2 (66) ± 1.4 | 7.2 (55) ± 1.1 | 7.2 (55) ± 1.1 |
| Duration of diabetes, years, mean ± SD | 16.2 ± 8.6 | 16.1 ± 8.5 | 14.7 ± 8.8 | 14.7 ± 8.8 |
| Serum potassium, mmol/L, mean ± SD | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.5 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2, mean ± SD | 57.7 ± 21.9 | 57.5 ± 21.9 | 57.4 ± 21.3 | 57.8 ± 21.6 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2, n (%) | ||||
| <25 | 44 (1.4) | 44 (1.4) | 36 (1.1) | 36 (1.1) |
| 25 to <45 | 1,056 (32.5) | 1,084 (33.5) | 1,048 (32.4) | 1,021 (31.5) |
| 45 to <60 | 837 (25.8) | 813 (25.1) | 868 (26.8) | 895 (27.6) |
| ≥60 | 1,310 (40.3) | 1,296 (40.0) | 1,286 (39.7) | 1,290 (39.8) |
| UACR, mg/g, median | 530 | 543 | 494 | 492 |
| UACR, mg/g, n (%) | ||||
| <30 | 69 (2.1) | 48 (1.5) | 51 (1.6) | 62 (1.9) |
| 30 to <300 | 1,005 (31.0) | 981 (30.3) | 1,062 (32.8) | 1,034 (31.9) |
| ≥300 | 2,172 (66.9) | 2,208 (68.2) | 2,125 (65.6) | 2,145 (66.2) |
| History of CV disease, n (%) | 1,565 (48.2) | 1,615 (49.9) | 1,396 (43.1) | 1,331 (41.1) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 463 (14.3) | 456 (14.1) | 592 (18.3) | 568 (17.5) |
| Serum TGs, mg/dL, median | 200.1 | 196.6 | 158.0 | 158.5 |
| Serum HDL cholesterol baseline, mg/dL, median | 41.0 | 41.0 | 46.0 | 46.0 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 34.6 ± 5.7 | 34.6 ± 5.6 | 28.1 ± 4.4 | 28.0 ± 4.3 |
| Weight, kg, mean ± SD | 99.1 ± 18.7 | 99.3 ± 18.7 | 76.9 ± 14.8 | 77.0 ± 14.1 |
| Waist-hip ratio, cm, mean ± SD | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 |
| WC, cm, mean ± SD | 116.9 ± 12.4 | 117.2 ± 12.2 | 97.0 ± 10.4 | 97.1 ± 10.2 |
| Heart rate, bpm, mean ± SD | 73.1 ± 11.5 | 73.1 ± 11.5 | 73.2 ± 11.3 | 72.9 ± 11.5 |
| Baseline medications, n (%) | ||||
| ACEis | 1,483 (45.7) | 1,516 (46.8) | 1,290 (39.8) | 1,315 (40.6) |
| ARBs | 2,015 (62.1) | 2,045 (63.2) | 2,173 (67.1) | 2,179 (67.2) |
| Beta-blockers | 2,226 (68.6) | 2,241 (69.2) | 1,584 (48.9) | 1,665 (51.4) |
| Diuretics | 2,446 (75.3) | 2,495 (77.1) | 1,809 (55.9) | 1,873 (57.8) |
| Statins | 2,672 (82.3) | 2,681 (82.8) | 2,448 (75.6) | 2,498 (77.1) |
| Potassium supplements | 337 (10.4) | 376 (11.6) | 230 (7.1) | 289 (8.9) |
| Potassium-lowering agents | 245 (7.5) | 142 (4.4) | 281 (8.7) | 197 (6.1) |
| Glucose-lowering therapies, n (%) | ||||
| Insulin and analogs | 2,298 (70.8) | 2,229 (68.9) | 1,551 (47.9) | 1,519 (46.9) |
| Metformin | 1,949 (60.0) | 1,871 (57.8) | 1,840 (56.8) | 1,860 (57.4) |
| Sulfonylureas | 769 (23.7) | 760 (23.5) | 914 (28.2) | 933 (28.8) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 704 (21.7) | 698 (21.6) | 951 (29.4) | 909 (28.0) |
| GLP-1RAs | 356 (11.0) | 300 (9.3) | 137 (4.2) | 144 (4.4) |
| SGLT-2 inhibitors | 275 (8.5) | 268 (8.3) | 162 (5.0) | 170 (5.2) |
| α-Glucosidase inhibitors | 95 (2.9) | 88 (2.7) | 228 (7.0) | 245 (7.6) |
| Meglitinides | 104 (3.2) | 91 (2.8) | 168 (5.2) | 166 (5.1) |
| Thiazolidinediones | 118 (3.6) | 118 (3.6) | 149 (4.6) | 130 (4.0) |
ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; SGLT-2, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2.