Table 1.
Unmatched and matched comparisons of demographic and clinical variables for initial cranioplasty.
| Variable | Unmatched |
Matched |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autologous (n = 128) | Custom (n = 32) | P value | Autologous (n = 29) | Custom (n = 29) | P value | |
| Age at HC | 43.1 ± 15.1 | 37.7 ± 16.2 | 0.07 | 30 (23–50) | 39 (24–53) | 0.76 |
| Male sex | 78 (60.9) | 26 (81.3) | 0.03 | 16 (55.2) | 24 (82.8) | 0.02 |
| Race | 0.47 | 0.23 | ||||
| White | 100 (78.1) | 27 (84.4) | 22 (75.9) | 25 (86.2) | ||
| Black | 2 (1.6) | 1 (3.1) | 0 | 1 (3.4) | ||
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 8 (6.3) | 0 | 3 (10.3) | 0 | ||
| Other | 18 (14.1) | 4 (12.5) | 4 (13.8) | 3 (10.3) | ||
| BMIa | 28.4 (23.5–31.5) | 25.8 (23.0–30.8) | 0.54 | 26.1 (23.3–30.2) | 25.9 (23.4–30.7) | 0.70 |
| DM | 20 (15.6) | 3 (9.4) | 0.37 | 2 (6.9) | 3 (10.3) | 0.64 |
| HLD | 26 (20.3) | 3 (9.4) | 0.15 | 4 (13.8) | 3 (10.3) | 0.69 |
| HTN | 47 (36.7) | 5 (15.6) | 0.02 | 9 (31.0) | 5 (17.2) | 0.22 |
| Active smoker | 37 (28.9) | 8 (25.0) | 0.66 | 6 (20.7) | 7 (24.1) | 0.75 |
| Alcohol abuse | 15 (11.7) | 3 (9.4) | 0.71 | 3 (10.3) | 2 (6.9) | 0.64 |
| Procedures prior to HC | 10 (7.9) | 6 (18.8) | 0.07 | 4 (13.8) | 6 (20.7) | 0.49 |
| Perioperative shunt for HC | 26 (20.3) | 6 (18.8) | 0.84 | 7 (24.1) | 5 (17.2) | 0.52 |
| ASA class at HC | 0.18 | 0.36 | ||||
| Class I | 3 (2.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Class II | 5 (3.9) | 4 (12.5) | 1 (3.4) | 2 (6.9) | ||
| Class III | 24 (18.8) | 9 (28.1) | 4 (13.8) | 9 (31.0) | ||
| Class IV | 56 (43.8) | 12 (37.5) | 15 (51.7) | 12 (41.4) | ||
| Class V | 40 (31.3) | 7 (21.9) | 9 (31.0) | 6 (20.7) | ||
| GCS score at HC | 9.3 ± 3.7 | 9.3 ± 4.3 | 0.99 | 7 (6–10) | 9 (5–13) | 0.34 |
| Time from HC to CP (days)a | 61 (44–81) | 80 (61–131) | 0.04 | 49 (41–80) | 80 (57–123) | <0.01 |
| Reason for HC | 0.08 | 0.75 | ||||
| Trauma | 83 (64.8) | 26 (81.3) | 22 (75.9) | 23 (79.3) | ||
| Stroke | 45 (35.2) | 6 (18.8) | 7 (24.1) | 6 (20.7) | ||
| Interval complication between HC and CP | 37 (28.9) | 9 (28.1) | 0.93 | 6 (20.7) | 8 (27.6) | 0.54 |
| CP operation durationa | 127 (96–142) | 125 (90–162) | 0.87 | 124 (100–138) | 128 (97–160) | 0.45 |
| Length of stay (days)a | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–4) | 0.60 | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 3 (1.8–4.5) | 0.74 |
| Disposition following CP | 0.66 | 0.29 | ||||
| Home | 70 (54.7) | 19 (59.4) | 18 (62.1) | 18 (62.1) | ||
| Rehab | 24 (18.8) | 4 (12.5) | 2 (6.9) | 4 (13.8) | ||
| SNF | 23 (18.0) | 8 (25.0) | 5 (17.2) | 1 (3.4) | ||
| Long-term acute care | 10 (7.8) | 1 (3.1) | 4 (13.8) | 6 (20.7) | ||
| Prison | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 2 (6.9) | 3 (10.3) | 0.64 | |
| Unplanned reoperation <30 days after CP | 11 (8.6) | 3 (9.4) | 0.89 | |||
Values reported as number (%), mean ± standard deviation.
Boldface font indicates statistical significance.
ASA, American Association of Anesthesiologists'; BMI, body mass index; CP, cranioplasty; DM, diabetes mellitus; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; HC, hemicraniectomy; HLD, hyperlipidemia; HTN, hypertension; SNF, skilled nursing facility.
a
Non-parametric continuous data reported as median (interquartile range).