Table 2.

Evaluation of heterogeneity and directional pleiotropy using different methods

Data source	Classification	Bacterial taxas	Heterogeneity			Horizontal pleiotropy
			I2 (%)	IVW		Egger intercept	SE	P-value	MR-PRESSO global test p
				Cochran’s Q	P-value
PRACTICAL	class	Alphaproteobacteria id.2379	26.131	8.122	0.229	0.005	0.020	0.780	0.312
PRACTICAL	family	Porphyromonadaceae id.943	25.235	9.362	0.227	− 0.019	0.016	0.276	0.256
PRACTICAL	genus	Adlercreutzia id.812	0	6.638	0.467	− 0.004	0.017	0.825	0.489
PRACTICAL	genus	Eubacterium fissicatena group id.14373	46.172	14.862	0.061	− 0.018	0.026	0.503	0.083
PRACTICAL	genus	Eubacterium hallii group id.11338	0	11.601	0.638	− 0.005	0.006	0.380	0.630
PRACTICAL	genus	Odoribacter id.952	43.093	10.543	0.103	0.002	0.019	0.902	0.149
PRACTICAL	genus	Roseburia id.2012	28.276	16.730	0.160	− 0.002	0.011	0.841	0.180
PRACTICAL	genus	Holdemania id.2157	23.979	17.100	0.194	− 0.007	0.010	0.494	0.212
PRACTICAL	genus	Flavonifractor id.2059	49.970	7.995	0.091	− 0.014	0.030	0.661	0.153
PRACTICAL	genus	Allisonella id.2174	18.176	6.110	0.295	0.003	0.028	0.905	0.353
PRACTICAL	genus	Dorea id.1997	0	5.752	0.674	0.003	0.010	0.758	0.707
PRACTICAL	genus	Coprobacter id.949	0	7.946	0.634	− 0.012	0.011	0.305	0.675
PRACTICAL	order	Rhodospirillales id.2667	15.006	15.295	0.289	0.021	0.014	0.149	0.323
FinnGen	class	Alphaproteobacteria id.2379	0	2.982	0.702	− 0.005	0.026	0.836	0.718
FinnGen	class	Porphyromonadaceae id.943	0	1.454	0.993	0.003	0.026	0.904	0.994
FinnGen	genus	Adlercreutzia id.812	0	5.722	0.572	0.005	0.027	0.838	0.602
FinnGen	genus	Eubacterium fissicatena group id.14373	0	6.353	0.607	< 0.001	0.030	0.999	0.615
FinnGen	genus	Eubacterium hallii group id.11338	5.595	13.770	0.390	0.004	0.011	0.699	0.432
FinnGen	genus	Odoribacter id.952	0	3.969	0.680	< 0.001	0.021	0.977	0.738
FinnGen	genus	Roseburia id.2012	0	4.406	0.818	− 0.026	0.019	0.204	0.789
FinnGen	genus	Holdemania id.2157	4.738	13.646	0.399	0.002	0.016	0.898	0.433
FinnGen	genus	Flavonifractor id.2059	52.628	8.443	0.076	0.012	0.052	0.824	0.111
FinnGen	genus	Allisonella id.2174	19.936	8.743	0.271	0.021	0.047	0.666	0.294
FinnGen	genus	Dorea id.1997	0	5.767	0.449	0.017	0.017	0.371	0.475
FinnGen	genus	Coprobacter id.949	0	2.601	0.856	− 0.017	0.041	0.696	0.846
FinnGen	order	Rhodospirillales id.2667	0	5.500	0.939	0.010	0.020	0.622	0.938

MR PRESSO: Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier