Table 9.

Additional pharmacological properties of caffeine, theobromine, and (+)-catechin

Additional pharmacological properties		Caffeine	(+)- Catechin	Theobromine
Kidney function stimulant	P.a	0.858	0.610	0.821
	P.i	0.002	0.036	0.003
Fibroblast growth factor agonist	P.a	0.484	–	0.623
	P.i	0.037	–	0.014
Diuretic	P.a	0.720	0.231	0.537
	P.i	0.003	0.064	0.005
Treatment of biliary tract disorders	P.a	0.647	–	0.514
	P.i	0.004	–	0.007
Analgesic stimulant	P.a	–	–	0.407
	P.i	–	–	0.005
Antidiarrheal	P.a	0.546	–	0,400
	P.i	0.004	–	0.005
Muscle relaxant	P.a	0.702	0.185	0.420
	P.i	0.004	0.127	0.026
Regulator of lipid metabolism	P.a	0.627	0.334	0.446
	P.i	0.018	0.122	0.070
Spasmolytic	P.a	0.743	–	0.382
	P.i	0.004	–	0.030
Septic shock treatment	P.a	0.383	–	0.351
	P.i	0.012	–	0.036
Treatment of male reproductive dysfunction	P.a	0.268	–	0.331
	P.i	0.033	–	0.020
Antiprotozoan (Leishmania)	P.a	0.415	0.398	0.355
	P.i	0.043	0.049	0.069
Treatment for erectile dysfunction	P.a	0.273	–	0.293
	P.i	0.024	–	0.018
Antiviral (Hepatitis B)	P.a	0.216	0.352	0.301
	P.i	0.072	0.022	0.033
Anti-infective	P.a	–	0.245	0.289
	P.i	–	0.158	0.112
Antianemic	P.a	0.137	–	0.174
	P.i	0.066	–	0.023
Cytochrome P450 Stimulant	P.a	0.233	0.507	0.279
	P.i	0.233	0.026	0.146
Antiprotozoan (Amoeba)	P.a	–	0.221	0.243
	P.i	–	0.187	0.142
Treatment of kidney disease	P.a	0.263	–	0.156
	P.i	0.022	–	0.156
Treatment of liver disorders	P.a	0.183	0.495	0.206
	P.i	0.146	0.012	0.206
Antiuremic	P.a	0.402	0.186	0.177
	P.i	0.015	0.087	0.093
Cystic fibrosis treatment	P.a	0.239	–	0.224
	P.i	0.121	–	0.152
Treatment of gastrointestinal disorders	P.a	0.271	–	0.116
	P.i	0.006	–	0.068
Anti-migraine	P.a	–	–	0.130
	P.i	–	–	0.097
Treatment of movement disorders	P.a	–	–	0.105
	P.i	–	–	0.103
Antinociceptive	P.a	0.238	0.447	0.237
	P.i	0.235	0.073	0.237
Treatment of liver cirrhosis	P.a	0.116	–	0.152
	P.i	0.046	–	0.049